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Biology > Vocabulary Words and Prefixes > Flashcards

Vocabulary Words and Prefixes Flashcards

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0
Q

What does the prefix/suffix of “ase” mean?

A

Enzyme

Ex) polymerase, lactase

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1
Q

What does the prefix/suffix of “a” or “an” mean?

A

Negative, not, or without

Ex) abnormal, asexual

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2
Q

What does the prefix/suffix of “auto” mean?

A

Self

Ex) automatic, autonomic

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3
Q

What does the prefix/suffix of “bio” mean?

A

Live/life

Ex) biology, biogenesis

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4
Q

What does the prefix/suffix of “centi” mean?

A

One hundredth

Ex) centimeter, centipede

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5
Q

What does the prefix/suffix of “chlor” mean?

A

Green

Ex) chloroplast, chlorophyll

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6
Q

What does the prefix/suffix of “deca” mean?

A

Ten

Ex) decade

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7
Q

What does the prefix/suffix of “di” mean?

A

Two or second

Ex) di hybrid

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8
Q

What does the prefix/suffix of “eu” mean?

A

Real, true

Ex) eukaryotic

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9
Q

What does the prefix/suffix of “glyc” mean?

A

Sugar

Ex) glucose, glycemia

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10
Q

What does the prefix/suffix of “hetero” mean?

A

Different or other

Ex) heterozygous

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11
Q

What does the prefix/suffix of “homo” mean?

A

Similar or alike

Ex) homozygous

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12
Q

What does the prefix/suffix of “hydro” mean?

A

Water

Ex) hydration, hydropower

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13
Q

What does the prefix/suffix of “hyper” mean?

A

Over or beyond

Ex) hyperactive, hypertonic

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14
Q

What does the prefix/suffix of “hypo” mean?

A

Under or less than

Ex) hypodermic, hypoglycemic

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15
Q

What does the prefix/suffix of “inter” mean?

A

Among or between

Ex) interphase, interim

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16
Q

What does the prefix/suffix of “kilo” mean?

A

One thousand

Ex) kilometer, kilogram

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17
Q

What does the prefix of “ology” mean?

A

Science or study of

Ex) biology, zoology

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18
Q

What does the prefix/suffix of “micro” mean?

A

Small

Ex) microscope, micronucleus

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19
Q

What does the prefix/suffix of “milli” mean?

A

One-thousandth

Ex) millimeter, millipede

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20
Q

What does the prefix/suffix of “photo” mean?

A

Light

Ex) Photosynthetic, photograph

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21
Q

What does the prefix/suffix of “scope” mean?

A

To look

Ex) microscope, telescope

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22
Q

What does the prefix/suffix of “sym” mean?

A

Together

Ex) symbiosis

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23
Q

What does the prefix/suffix of “troph” mean?

A

Food

Ex) heterotrophic, autotrophic

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24
Q

Hypothesis -

A

The proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations

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25
Q

Theory -

A

An idea supported over time

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26
Q

Independent Variable -

A

The factor that is purposely changed in an experiment

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27
Q

Control Group

A

A group of subjects, closely resembling the experimental group but not receiving the factor understudy

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28
Q

Experimental Group

A

A group of subjects which receive the factor under study

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29
Q

Cell -

A

The smallest unit of an organism that can be considered alive

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30
Q

Stimulus -

A

Any physical or chemical input that is sensed

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31
Q

Homeostasis -

A

The process by which organisms keep their internal body conditions fairly constant to survive

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32
Q

Evolution -

A

A change in a kind of organism over time

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33
Q

Atom -

A

The basic unit of matter

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34
Q

Proton -

A

The positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom

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35
Q

Neutron -

A

The particle with no charged found in the nucleus of an atom

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36
Q

Electron -

A

The negatively charged particle found outside the nucleus of an atom

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37
Q

Element -

A

A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

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38
Q

Molecule -

A

A group of atoms bonded together forming the smallest fundamental unit of a pure substance

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39
Q

Isotopes -

A

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

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40
Q

Chemical bonding -

A

An attraction between two or more atoms resulting in the formation of different chemical substances

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41
Q

Chemical Reaction -

A

Changes in chemical substances involving bond breaking and/or bond forming resulting in different chemical substances

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42
Q

Ion -

A

A positively or negatively charged atom

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43
Q

Dependent Variable -

A

Observed factor that may change in response to the other variable (outcome)

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44
Q

Ionic Bond -

A

Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

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45
Q

Covalent Bond -

A

Forms when electrons are are shared between atoms

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46
Q

Valence Electrons -

A

The electrons in outer shell of energy level that are available for bonding

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47
Q

pH -

A

The measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution

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48
Q

Acid -

A

A substance that dissolves in water to release a hydrogen ion (H+)

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49
Q

Base -

A

A substance that dissolves in water to release a hydroxide ion (OH-)

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50
Q

DNA -

A

The nucleic acid that contains all genetic information for a cell

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51
Q

Double Helix -

A

The shape of DNA that resembles a spiral staircase or a twisted ladder

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52
Q

Nucleic Acid -

A

The building block of living organisms that passes genetic information from one generation to the next (e.g. DNA)

53
Q

Nucleotide -

A

A monomer of nucleic acid; consisting of sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base

54
Q

Carbohydrate -

A

The molecule that is the major source of energy for an organism

55
Q

Glucose -

A

The monomer of carbohydrates (sugar)

56
Q

Protein -

A

The molecule needed by organisms for growth and repair

57
Q

Amino Acid -

A

The monomer of protein

58
Q

Enzyme -

A

A protein that speeds up biological reactions

59
Q

Metabolism -

A

A set of chemical reactions in the cells of living organisms to sustain life

60
Q

Lipid -

A

The molecule that stores energy and is the main structure of cell membranes

61
Q

Solute -

A

The substance that is dissolved in a solution

62
Q

Solvent -

A

The substance in which the solute dissolves in a solution

63
Q

Eukaryotic -

A

A cell that contains a nucleus

64
Q

Prokaryotic -

A

A cell that doesn’t have a nucleus

65
Q

Organelle -

A

Subcellular structure (cell parts )

66
Q

Ribosomes -

A

A cell organelle that makes protein

67
Q

Mitochondria -

A

A cell organelle that converts food into energy

68
Q

Cell membrane -

A

Cell structure that controls what enters and leaves the cell

69
Q

Selectively Permeable -

A

A property of biological membranes that lets some substance to pass across or not

70
Q

Cell Wall -

A

Cell structure found outside the cell membrane in plants, fungi, algae, and bacteria that provides support and protection

71
Q

Chloroplast -

A

Organelle found in some organisms that carry out photosynthesis

72
Q

Cytoplasm -

A

Fluid part of the inside of a cell

73
Q

Nucleus -

A

The organelle that controls the cell by producing proteins and contains all genetic material (the brain of the cell)

74
Q

Vacuole -

A

Organelle that is used to store materials

75
Q

Cellular Transport -

A

The movement of materials into, out of, or within a cell

76
Q

Passive Transport -

A

Type of cell transport that does not require energy

77
Q

Diffusion -

A

Movement of particles from higher concentration to area of lower concentration through a selectively permeable membrane

78
Q

Osmosis -

A

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

79
Q

Active transport -

A

Type of cell transport that does require energy

80
Q

Cellular Respiration -

A

Energy is released by breaking down glucose in the presence of energy

81
Q

Photosynthesis -

A

Plants make their own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, oxygen and sugar.

82
Q

Protein Synthesis -

A

Process of making proteins

83
Q

Cell Division -

A

Process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells

84
Q

Mitosis -

A

Process by which the nucleus is divided into two identical nuclei

85
Q

Genetics -

A

Scientific study of heredity

86
Q

Genetic Variation -

A

Tendency of individual genetic characteristics in a population to differ from one another

87
Q

Gene -

A

Chemical factor that determine a trait

88
Q

Mutation -

A

Any change in DNA

89
Q

Alleles -

A

Alternate forms of a gene

90
Q

Homozygous -

A

An organism with two identical alleles for a particular trait

91
Q

Heterozygous -

A

An organism with two different alleles for a particular trait

92
Q

Punnett Square -

A

A tool used to predict outcomes in genetics

93
Q

Genotype -

A

Genetic makeup of an organism of an organism based on alleles inherited

94
Q

Phenotype -

A

Physical characteristics of an organism

95
Q

Inheritance -

A

Passing of genetic material from parent to offspring

96
Q

Trait -

A

Any specific characteristic of an individual

97
Q

Recombination -

A

The formation of new and different sets of chromosomes or genes

98
Q

Meiosis -

A

The process that makes the sex cells by reducing the chromosome number in half

99
Q

Fertilization -

A

The joining of male and female reproductive cells to produce a new organism

100
Q

Gamete -

A

The term for sex cell, egg, or sperm

101
Q

Biological Evolution -

A

Th descent with modification of organisms from common ancestors

102
Q

Natural Selection -

A

The process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully (survival of the fittest)

103
Q

Adaptions -

A

Inherited traits that increases an organism’s chance of survival

104
Q

Behavioral Adaptions -

A

A type of adaptation that affects the behavior of an animal (migration)

105
Q

Physiological Adaptation -

A

Type of adaptation that affects the function of an organism (blood clotting)

106
Q

Morphological Adaptation -

A

Type of adaptation that affects the structure of an organism (web feet)

107
Q

Fossil -

A

Preserved remains of ancient organisms

108
Q

Fossil Record -

A

Collection of preserved organisms or their traces stored on Earth

109
Q

Radioactive Dating -

A

The method of calculating the absolute ages of rocks and minerals that contains radioactive isotopes

110
Q

Biological Diversity -

A

Variety of organisms in the biosphere

111
Q

Ecology -

A

The scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment

112
Q

Biosphere -

A

The portion of the planet in which all life exist

113
Q

Species -

A

A group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring

114
Q

Population -

A

Group of individuals that belong to same species and live in the same area

115
Q

Community -

A

Two or more different populations that live in a defined area

116
Q

Ecosystem -

A

Collection of all organisms that live in a particular place together with their non living environment

117
Q

Biome -

A

Group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant organisms

118
Q

Autotroph -

A

(Producer) organism that cane make its own food

119
Q

Heterotroph -

A

(Consumer) an organism that relies on other organisms for energy and food supply

120
Q

Food Chain -

A

A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating or being eaten

121
Q

Food Web -

A

Links all the food chains in an ecosystem together

122
Q

Bio geochemical Cycle -

A

A cycle which organisms need are circulated between organisms and the environment (e.g. water, carbon, nitrogen)

123
Q

Environmental Quality -

A

The state of environmental conditions

124
Q

Transpiration -

A

The evaporation of water from the leaves of plants

125
Q

Nitrogen Fixation -

A

The conversion of nitrogen gas into ammonia by bacteria living in soil

126
Q

Symbiosis -

A

Any relationship in which two species live together

127
Q

Mutualism -

A

A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit

128
Q

Commensalism -

A

A symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives on or inside another organism and causes it no harm

129
Q

Parasitism -

A

A symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it

Biology (2 decks)

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