Vocabulary to know Week 2

Question 1

ADDUCTED

Answer 1

This means that vocal folds are “together” without an open space in between.

Question 2

ABDUCTED

Answer 2

This means that the vocal folds are “open” with a space between. The folds are not vibrating in this case

Question 3

GLOTTIS

Answer 3

is the open space between the vocal folds when Abducted.

Question 4

VOCAL TRACT

Answer 4

runs from the vocal folds up through the pharynx and throat and up through the oral and nasal cavities up to the lips and nose.

Question 5

Filters/Resonators

Answer 5

There are structures along the oral tract that help to “shape” and change the sound generated at the level of the vocal folds. (The lips, teeth and tongue are examples of resonators)

Question 6

Active Articulators

Answer 6

considered ACTIVE if they can freely move.

• Tongue – ACTIVE
• Lips- ACTIVE
• Soft Palate- ACTIVE ( moves to block off nasal cavity)

Question 7

Passive Articulators

Answer 7

considered PASSIVE if they are moved upon.

Teeth- PASSIVE
Hard Palate- PASSIVE
Alveolar Ridge – PASSIVE

Question 8

Front Vowels

Answer 8

the tongue is forward and the front of the tongue, or the tongue tip is active in making the vowel sound.

Question 9

Back Vowels

Answer 9

The back of the tongue is active to make the vowel sound.

Question 10

Central Vowels

Answer 10

The midsection of the tongue is raised in the oral cavity. The central vowels are classified according to high, mid and low

Question 11

Obstruent

Answer 11

There is an obstruction in the vocal tract- obstructing the air pathway.

Question 12

Sonorant

Answer 12

Vocal tract is narrowed but there is no obstruction in the airway

Question 13

Cognates

Answer 13

Consonants are made up of pairs.mainly only differ in terms of voicing.

Example: / p, b/ / t, d/ /k,g/ The first sound is voiceless.

Question 14

Labial

Answer 14

Labial: Produced by the Lips

Question 15

Bilabial

Answer 15

Produced with both lips together ( p, b, m)

Question 16

Labiodental

Answer 16

Produced with the lips and teeth together ( f, v)

Question 17

Dental

Answer 17

Produced by the teeth ( “th” )

Question 18

Alveolar

Answer 18

Tongue touches upper alveolar ridge ( behind upper teeth)

/ t, d, s, z, n, l, / some versions of /r/

Question 19

Palatal

Answer 19

Contact is made with the hard palate. 
• / j/ “y” sound in the word “yes” 
• /ʃ / “sh” sound in the word “shut”
• / Ʒ  /  in the word “beige”
• / ʧ / “ch” sound 
/ ʤ / “j” sound in the word “judge”

Question 20

Velar

Answer 20

Placement is made with or by the soft palate
/k, g/
/ ŋ / ending sound in the word “swing”

Question 21

Glottal

Answer 21

Sound is made at the level of the glottis / vocal folds

/h/

Question 22

Approximate

Answer 22

Articulators approach each other but there is no turbulence or obstruction / l, r, w, j/

Question 23

Stops

Answer 23

There is a complete stoppage of air

/ p,b, t, d, k, g/

Question 24

Fricatives

Answer 24

There is a partial blockage of air

/ f, v, s, z, h, ʃ , Ʒ, ð , Ɵ/

Question 25

Affricates

Answer 25

The sound starts as a “stop” with a stoppage of air then is released with a partial blockage of air.
/ ʧ / and / ʤ/

Question 26

Strident

Answer 26

Airflow is directed towards a surface in the vocal tract. / f, v, s, z, ʃ , Ʒ, ʧ , ʤ/
You will notice that some sounds are repeated here in descriptive terms. For example, /s/ is a fricative and a strident.

Question 27

Sibilants

Answer 27

These sounds make a high frequency noise. These sounds require more air pressure to produce.
/s, z, ʃ ,Ʒ, ʧ , ʤ/

Question 28

Nasals

Answer 28

Air is directed through the nasal cavity. The soft palate is open ( lowered)
/ m,n, ŋ /

Question 29

• Lateral/Liquid

Answer 29

There is no friction, tongue position is very important /l, r/

Question 30

Glide

Answer 30

There is a rapid transition, especially when these sounds follow a vowel. /w/ and /j/.