Vocabulary to know Week 1 Flashcards
Phonetics
PhoneticsThe study of speech sounds
IPA
International Phonetic Association
Phone
Asound that can be produced by the human vocal tract (not necessarily a speech sound).
Phoneme
Aspeech sound.
Minimal Pair
A pair of words that differ only in one sound. Example: pat/bat
Allophone
Avariant form of a phoneme. distortion of a speech sound due to the influence of other surrounding sounds. (For example, the word “ letter.” The /t/ sound in the middle of this word “sounds” like a /d/ when it is spoken, however it is spelled with a /t/. Allophones are sounds that are distorted. Other examples are ‘butter’, ‘button’,)
Phonology
The study of speech sounds.
Grapheme
The written form of a sound (alphabet letter).
Morpheme
individual units of meaning. Morphemes can be “bound” or “free”
Bound Morphemes
must be attached to other morphemes. plurals, possessions, prefixes and suffixes. (Ex: “unfriendly” the bound morphemes are “un” and “ly”
Free Morpheme
a morpheme that can stand alone as a word (ex: “unfriendly” the free morpheme is friend )
Allomorph
variation of a morpheme. another distortion due to the context and surrounding sounds. (ex “cats”, “dogs” and “horses”. cats sounds like /s/, dogs sounds like /z/ and horses sounds like -ez-
Assimilation
the articulatory influence one sound has on another.
Aspiration
puff of air that accompanies speech sounds. (ex: /p/, /t/, /k/)
Register
styles of speech adjusted to the needs of the listener.
