Vocabulary Terms

Question 1

separation

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Question 2

extraction

Answer 2

Extraction is a technique used to separate compounds based upon their different solubilities in two solvents that don’t mix.

Usually, one of the solvents will be water and the other will be an immiscible organic solvent (often methylene chloride, diethyl ether, or ethyl acetate).

In general, very non-polar compounds will partion to the organic solvent and very polar compounds and salts will partion to the aqueous phase. Since the two solvents do not mix, they can be separated in a Separatory Funnel providing a very quick and easy way to separate compounds.

Whether the water layer is on the top or bottom depends on the density of the other solvent (methylene chloride is heavier than water and goes to the bottom of the separtory funnel and diethyl ether and ethyl acetate are lighter than water and stay on the top).

Question 3

filtration

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Question 4

filtrate

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Question 5

van der Waals interactions

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Question 6

London dispersion interactions

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Question 7

dipole‐dipole interactions

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Question 8

hydrogen bonding interactions

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Question 9

covalent bond

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Question 10

Ionic bond

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Question 11

distillation

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Question 12

reflux

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Question 13

boiling point

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Question 14

fraction

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Question 15

distillate

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Question 16

Limiting reagent

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Question 17

drying agent

Answer 17

A drying agent is an inorganic salt which readily takes up water to become hydrated. Final traces of water are removed by treating the organic solution with a drying agent.

Potassium carbonate, (K2CO3), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) are commonly used agents.

Question 18

neutralization

Answer 18

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Question 19

equilibrium

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Question 20

aldol

Answer 20

An aldol is a beta-hydroxy ketone or aldehyde, and is the product of aldol addition.

Aldol is an abbreviation of aldehyde and alcohol. When the enolate of an aldehyde or a ketone reacts at the α-carbon with the carbonyl of another molecule under basic or acidic conditions to obtain β-hydroxy aldehyde or ketone, this reaction is called Aldol Reaction.

When used alone, the term “aldol” may also refer specifically to the compound 3-hydroxybutanal.

Question 21

β‐hydroxycarbonyl

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Question 22

α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl

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Question 23

imine

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contains a Carbon–Nitrogen Double Bond, with the nitrogen atom attached to a hydrogen atom or an organic group.

Question 24

esterification

Answer 24

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Question 25

condensation polymerization

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Question 26

polymer / oligomer / monomer

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Question 27

repeat unit

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Question 28

amphiphilic

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Question 29

Mobile phase

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Question 30

Solid phase

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Question 31

loading

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Question 32

packing

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Question 33

elute

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Question 34

Diels‐Alder

Answer 34

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