Vocabulary Review for Cells Unit

Question 1

amino acid

Answer 1

a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (-COOH) and an amino (-NH2) group

Question 2

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 2

the father of Microbiology; creator of the microscope

Question 3

carbohydrate

Answer 3

any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose. They contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water (2:1) and typically can be broken down to release energy in the animal body.

Question 4

cell membrane

Answer 4

the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.

Question 5

cell theory

Answer 5

the theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms; proposed in 1838 by Matthias Schleiden and by Theodor Schwann

Question 6

cells

Answer 6

the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic organisms typically consist of a single cell, which is either eukaryotic or prokaryotic.

Question 7

cytoplasm

Answer 7

the potion of the cell that is outside of the nucleus. material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.

Question 8

cytoskeleton

Answer 8

a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence. Fibers

Question 9

centriole

Answer 9

a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.

Question 10

chromosomes/DNA

Answer 10

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Question 11

elements

Answer 11

a pure substance

Question 12

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 12

a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell. It has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

Question 13

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It does not have ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

Question 14

enzymes

Answer 14

a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.

Question 15

golgi apparatus/bodies

Answer 15

a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport. Packages and transports aka the shipping thing

Question 16

lipids

Answer 16

any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids.

Question 17

lysosomes

Answer 17

an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane. They are pockets filled with very strong digestive fluid and are also DA CELL MAFIA.

Question 18

mitochondria

Answer 18

The powerhouse of a cell. an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae).

Question 19

nucleic acids

Answer 19

a complex organic substance present in living cells, esp. DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.

Question 20

nucleus

Answer 20

The control center of the cell, or a dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material.

Question 21

nucleuolus

Answer 21

a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase. It manufactures ribosomes and has a large and small subunit.

Question 22

organelles

Answer 22

specialized structures within a living cell.

Question 23

osmosis

Answer 23

a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane.

Question 24

proteins

Answer 24

any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, esp. as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, collagen, etc., and as enzymes and antibodies.

Question 25

ribosomes

Answer 25

a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm. They are the site of protein synthesis and are the most numerous of the cells organelles.

Question 26

Robert Hooke

Answer 26

discovered cells in a piece of cork, which he examined under his make-shift microscope.

Question 27

selectively permiable

Answer 27

A semipermeable membrane, also termed a selectively-permeable membrane, a partially-permeable membrane or a differentially-permeable membrane, is a membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion and occasionally specialized “facilitated diffusion”.

Question 28

vacuole/vesicule

Answer 28

a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid. They are storage areas inside the cell that store water, salts, carbohydrates, and proteins.

Question 29

Rudolf Virchow

Answer 29

built on Schwann’s cell theory