Vocabulary Review for Cells Unit Flashcards
amino acid
a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (-COOH) and an amino (-NH2) group
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
the father of Microbiology; creator of the microscope
carbohydrate
any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose. They contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water (2:1) and typically can be broken down to release energy in the animal body.
cell membrane
the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.
cell theory
the theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms; proposed in 1838 by Matthias Schleiden and by Theodor Schwann
cells
the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic organisms typically consist of a single cell, which is either eukaryotic or prokaryotic.
cytoplasm
the potion of the cell that is outside of the nucleus. material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.
cytoskeleton
a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence. Fibers
centriole
a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
chromosomes/DNA
a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
elements
a pure substance
rough endoplasmic reticulum
a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell. It has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It does not have ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
enzymes
a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
golgi apparatus/bodies
a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport. Packages and transports aka the shipping thing
lipids
any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids.
lysosomes
an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane. They are pockets filled with very strong digestive fluid and are also DA CELL MAFIA.
mitochondria
The powerhouse of a cell. an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae).
nucleic acids
a complex organic substance present in living cells, esp. DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.
nucleus
The control center of the cell, or a dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material.
nucleuolus
a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase. It manufactures ribosomes and has a large and small subunit.
organelles
specialized structures within a living cell.
osmosis
a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane.
proteins
any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, esp. as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, collagen, etc., and as enzymes and antibodies.
ribosomes
a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm. They are the site of protein synthesis and are the most numerous of the cells organelles.
Robert Hooke
discovered cells in a piece of cork, which he examined under his make-shift microscope.
selectively permiable
A semipermeable membrane, also termed a selectively-permeable membrane, a partially-permeable membrane or a differentially-permeable membrane, is a membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion and occasionally specialized “facilitated diffusion”.
vacuole/vesicule
a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid. They are storage areas inside the cell that store water, salts, carbohydrates, and proteins.
Rudolf Virchow
built on Schwann’s cell theory
