Vocabulary List - Past Papers - Remaining Flashcards
Brusque (Adj)
Connotations: Abrupt or offhand in speech or manner + Impatiently Short (being quick and short in dealing with others) + Discourteously abrupt (lacking tact or sensitivity in speech or manner) ||| Sentences: His brusque reply took her by surprise. + She was offended by his brusque dismissal. + The manager’s brusque manner alienated the staff. + The doctor gave a brusque answer to the patient’s question and hurried to the next appointment. ||| Synonyms: Curt, Blunt, Gruff + Blunt, Gruff, Terse + Abrupt, Short, Hasty ||| Antonyms: Polite, Courteous, Tactful + Polite, Gracious, Considerate + Polite, Smooth, Civil
Gruff (Adj)
Connotations: Rough and low in pitch + Abrupt or stern in manner ||| Sentences: His gruff voice intimidated the children. + His gruff exterior hid a kind heart. + The teacher’s gruff demeanor masked his concern for students. ||| Synonyms: Rough, Raspy, Hoarse + Abrasive, Blunt, Brusque + Stern, Surly, Abrasive ||| Antonyms: Soft, Gentle, Mellow + Gentle, Kind, Courteous + Gentle, Amiable, Courteous
Curt (Adj)
Rudely brief (being short and abrupt in manner or speech) + Lacking in politeness (showing a lack of courtesy or manners) + Concise (brief and to the point, often in a way that seems rude) ||| His curt reply made it clear he was not interested in the conversation. + The customer was offended by the clerk’s curt attitude. + She gave a curt nod and walked away. ||| Synonyms: Abrupt, Brusque, Terse, Blunt, Short ||| Antonyms: Polite, Courteous, Gracious, Lengthy, Detailed
Concord (n.)
Agreement or harmony (a state of peace and mutual understanding) + Treaty or pact (an official agreement between groups or nations) + Musical harmony (pleasant combination of musical notes) ||| The two countries reached a concord after years of negotiation. + The concord between the business partners ensured a smooth operation. + The choir’s performance was in perfect concord. ||| Synonyms: Agreement, Harmony, Accord, Unity, Consensus ||| Antonyms: Disagreement, Conflict, Discord, Dissent, Disunity
Amity (n.)
Connotations: Friendly relations + Peaceful harmony + Mutual understanding ||| Sentences: The two countries enjoyed years of amity. + The treaty brought amity between the nations. + The amity in the community was evident in their cooperation. ||| Synonyms: Friendship, Harmony, Concord + Goodwill, Cordiality, Peace + Fellowship, Good relations, Rapport ||| Antonyms: Hostility, Animosity, Enmity + Hostility, Hatred, Conflict + Hostility, Discord, Disunity
Sagacious
Connotations: Having or showing keen mental discernment and good judgment + Displaying deep understanding and intelligence + Showing practical sense and good judgment ||| Sentences: His sagacious advice was highly valued. + Her sagacious decisions saved the company. + The sagacious leader anticipated the challenges ahead. ||| Synonyms: Wise, Insightful, Astute + Shrewd, Perceptive, Judicious + Clever, Smart, Judicious ||| Antonyms: Foolish, Unwise, Ignorant + Stupid, Foolish, Ignorant + Unwise, Rash, Impulsive
Shrewd
Connotations: Having or showing sharp powers of judgment + Clever and keen in practical matters + Keen-witted and clever ||| Sentences: His shrewd business sense made him very successful. + Her shrewd observations were often spot on. + The shrewd investor made a lot of money. ||| Synonyms: Astute, Sharp, Sagacious + Perceptive, Insightful, Discerning + Astute, Intelligent, Savvy ||| Antonyms: Naive, Foolish, Unwise + Naive, Gullible, Unwise + Foolish, Imprudent, Reckless
Bungling
Connotations: Clumsily awkward or inept + Inept and prone to making mistakes + Marked by ineptitude ||| Sentences: The bungling thief tripped over his own feet. + His bungling attempts at fixing the car only made it worse. + The bungling efforts of the team led to failure. ||| Synonyms: Clumsy, Incompetent, Awkward + Inept, Botched, Blundering + Inefficient, Unskilled, Incompetent ||| Antonyms: Skillful, Competent, Dexterous + Skilled, Capable, Competent + Proficient, Efficient, Talented
Prudent
Connotations: Acting with or showing care and thought for the future + Wise and judicious in practical affairs + Exercising good judgment ||| Sentences: It is prudent to save money for emergencies. + Her prudent planning ensured their success. + The prudent investor avoided unnecessary risks. ||| Synonyms: Cautious, Wise, Sensible + Judicious, Discreet, Careful + Sensible, Thoughtful, Cautious ||| Antonyms: Reckless, Foolish, Imprudent + Impulsive, Careless, Rash + Reckless, Careless, Foolhardy
Pretense
Connotations: An attempt to make something that is not the case appear true + A false display of feelings, attitudes, or intentions + A claim made or implied but not supported by fact ||| Sentences: His pretense of innocence was not convincing. + The pretense of friendship was obvious. + The negotiations were conducted without any pretense. ||| Synonyms: Deception, Façade, Act + Sham, Simulation, Deceit + Pretext, Ostentation, Pretense ||| Antonyms: Honesty, Reality, Truth + Sincerity, Authenticity, Genuineness + Truth, Reality, Honesty
Cant
Connotations: Hypocritical and sanctimonious talk + Language peculiar to a specified group + Tedious or hackneyed moralizing ||| Sentences: The politician’s cant about honesty was tiresome. + The cant of the thieves was incomprehensible to outsiders. + His speech was full of cant and platitudes. ||| Synonyms: Hypocrisy, Insincerity, Pretense + Jargon, Slang, Lingo + Sanctimony, Pomposity, Affectation ||| Antonyms: Sincerity, Honesty, Candor + Standard language, Formal speech + Sincerity, Authenticity, Candor
Onerous
Connotations: Involving a great deal of effort, trouble, or difficulty + Having obligations or responsibilities that outweigh the advantages + Demanding and laborious ||| Sentences: The job was onerous, but he completed it successfully. + The contract had onerous terms and conditions. + The task was considered onerous by everyone involved. ||| Synonyms: Burdensome, Arduous, Heavy + Taxing, Difficult, Troublesome + Grueling, Laborious, Weighty ||| Antonyms: Easy, Light, Simple + Simple, Effortless, Easy + Manageable, Light, Effortless
Burdensome
Connotations: Difficult to carry out or fulfill; taxing + Causing difficulty or worry + Heavy and difficult to bear ||| Sentences: The burdensome task took all day to finish. + The burdensome debt was a constant worry. + The burdensome responsibilities weighed heavily on him. ||| Synonyms: Onerous, Troublesome, Heavy + Oppressive, Weighty, Difficult + Taxing, Strenuous, Exhausting ||| Antonyms: Light, Easy, Manageable + Light, Simple, Effortless + Light, Effortless, Easy
Capitol
Connotations: A building where a legislative body meets + A building housing a legislative assembly + The seat of legislative functions ||| Sentences: The senator gave a speech at the capitol. + The state capitol is located in the city center. + The capitol was surrounded by protesters. ||| Synonyms: Legislature, Assembly, Hall + Government building, Legislative house + Legislative center, Government seat ||| Antonyms:
Assay
Connotations: To test or analyze + To attempt or try + To evaluate or assess ||| Sentences: The scientists assayed the metal to determine its purity. + They assayed the new technique in the lab. + The assay revealed high levels of contamination. ||| Synonyms: Analyze, Test, Examine + Try, Attempt, Endeavor + Measure, Evaluate, Assess ||| Antonyms: Neglect, Ignore, Overlook + Ignore, Overlook, Disregard + Disregard, Ignore, Neglect
Envelop
Connotations: To surround or cover completely + To enfold or enclose + To cover or surround entirely ||| Sentences: The mist enveloped the mountains. + The darkness enveloped the room. + The fog enveloped the town in mystery. ||| Synonyms: Surround, Encase, Enclose + Wrap, Shroud, Cloak + Enshroud, Blanket, Cover ||| Antonyms: Uncover, Reveal, Expose + Expose, Uncover, Reveal + Expose, Unveil, Unwrap
Envelope
Connotations: A flat paper container for a letter + Something that covers or contains + A covering or containing structure ||| Sentences: She put the letter in an envelope. + The envelope of gas protected the planet. + The envelope of the balloon was made of nylon. ||| Synonyms: Wrapper, Cover, Packet + Container, Case, Holder + Shell, Covering, Casing ||| Antonyms:
Decree
Connotations: An official order issued by a legal authority + To order or decide by decree + A formal and authoritative order ||| Sentences: The king issued a decree banning the practice. + The court decreed that the property be returned. + The decree was enforced by the military. ||| Synonyms: Order, Edict, Command + Mandate, Proclamation, Directive + Edict, Command, Ruling ||| Antonyms: Request, Suggestion, Proposal + Suggest, Advise, Recommend + Proposal, Recommendation, Request
Desolate
Connotations: Deserted and bleak + Feeling or showing misery, unhappiness, or loneliness + To make bleakly and depressingly empty ||| Sentences: The desolate landscape stretched for miles. + She felt desolate after the breakup. + The war desolated the city. ||| Synonyms: Bleak, Barren, Empty + Forlorn, Abandoned, Lonely + Devastate, Ravage, Ruin ||| Antonyms: Lush, Fertile, Populated + Cheerful, Happy, Populated + Restore, Rebuild, Populate
Dissolute
Connotations: Lacking moral restraint + Indulgent in sensual pleasures + Lacking in morals ||| Sentences: He led a dissolute life filled with excesses. + The dissolute behavior of the youth worried their parents. + The character in the novel was portrayed as dissolute. ||| Synonyms: Debauched, Depraved, Immoral + Licentious, Profligate, Degenerate + Corrupt, Immoral, Decadent ||| Antonyms: Virtuous, Moral, Upright + Virtuous, Principled, Moral + Upright, Ethical, Pure
Tortuous
Connotations: Full of twists and turns + Excessively lengthy and complex + Not straightforward ||| Sentences: The tortuous road was difficult to navigate. + The legal process was tortuous and time-consuming. + The tortuous path to success was challenging. ||| Synonyms: Winding, Twisty, Meandering + Complicated, Convoluted, Complex + Circuitous, Labyrinthine, Intricate ||| Antonyms: Straight, Direct, Simple + Simple, Straightforward, Clear + Simple, Direct, Straight
Torturous
Connotations: Causing extreme pain + Inflicting severe suffering + Extremely painful or unpleasant ||| Sentences: The torturous procedure was unbearable. + The victims endured torturous conditions. + The torturous wait for the results was nerve-wracking. ||| Synonyms: Painful, Agonizing, Excruciating + Harrowing, Grueling, Distressing + Agonizing, Unbearable, Severe ||| Antonyms: Painless, Comfortable, Pleasant + Easy, Pleasant, Gentle + Mild, Bearable, Gentle
Whet
Connotations: To sharpen the blade of (a tool or weapon) + To stimulate or make keen or eager + To make more acute ||| Sentences: He whetted the knife before use. + The book whetted his appetite for adventure. + The smell of food whetted their appetites. ||| Synonyms: Sharpen, Hone, Grind + Arouse, Stimulate, Excite + Sharpen, Heighten, Enhance ||| Antonyms: Dull, Blunt, Weaken + Dampen, Dull, Bore + Dull, Lessen, Weaken
Breach
Connotations: An act of breaking or failing to observe a law, agreement, or code of conduct + A gap in a wall, barrier, or defense + A break or rupture ||| Sentences: His actions were a breach of the agreement. + The breach in the wall allowed water to enter. + The breach of trust was irreparable. ||| Synonyms: Violation, Infringement, Infraction + Gap, Break, Opening + Rift, Split, Rupture ||| Antonyms: Compliance, Obedience, Observance + Seal, Closure, Fixation + Repair, Healing, Mending
Reinforcement
Connotations: The action or process of strengthening + Additional troops or support + The process of encouraging a pattern of behavior ||| Sentences: The soldiers awaited reinforcement. + The team called for reinforcement to handle the crisis. + The positive reinforcement encouraged good behavior. ||| Synonyms: Strengthening, Support, Augmentation + Backup, Assistance, Supplement + Encouragement, Boost, Support ||| Antonyms: Weakening, Reduction, Depletion + Drain, Weakening, Diminution + Deterrence, Discouragement, Hindrance
Gelid
Connotations: Extremely cold + Having a very cold temperature + Very cold in temperature ||| Sentences: The gelid wind cut through his coat. + The gelid waters of the Arctic are treacherous. + The gelid atmosphere made the room uncomfortable. ||| Synonyms: Icy, Freezing, Frigid + Chilly, Frosty, Glacial + Icy, Cold, Freezing ||| Antonyms: Warm, Hot, Balmy + Warm, Torrid, Tropical + Warm, Cozy, Heated
Opulent
Connotations: Ostentatiously rich and luxurious or lavish + Wealthy and extravagant + Demonstrating great wealth or luxury ||| Sentences: The opulent mansion was filled with expensive artwork. + They lived an opulent lifestyle. + The opulent furnishings were admired by all. ||| Synonyms: Luxurious, Lavish, Wealthy + Rich, Affluent, Grand + Sumptuous, Magnificent, Extravagant ||| Antonyms: Poor, Austere, Spartan + Modest, Simple, Humble + Poor, Simple, Plain
Luxuriant
Connotations: Rich and profuse in growth; lush + Characterized by rich and healthy growth + Lavishly abundant ||| Sentences: The luxuriant vegetation covered the entire hillside. + Her luxuriant hair was admired by everyone. + The garden was filled with luxuriant flowers. ||| Synonyms: Lush, Abundant, Prolific + Thick, Rich, Dense + Flourishing, Verdant, Opulent ||| Antonyms: Sparse, Scanty, Meager + Thin, Sparse, Scant + Sparse, Withered, Sparse
Verisimilitude
Connotations: The appearance of being true or real + The quality of seeming real + Realistic appearance ||| Sentences: The novel’s verisimilitude makes it very engaging. + The film’s verisimilitude added to its emotional impact. + The painting’s verisimilitude fooled many into thinking it was a photograph. ||| Synonyms: Realism, Authenticity, Credibility + Truthlikeness, Plausibility, Believability + Authenticity, Realism, Credibility ||| Antonyms: Falseness, Unreality, Improbability + Implausibility, Falsity, Unlikeliness + Falseness, Unreality, Improbability
Iota
Connotations: An extremely small amount + A very small quantity + A tiny bit ||| Sentences: There wasn’t an iota of truth in his statement. + He didn’t show an iota of interest. + She didn’t give one iota of concern. ||| Synonyms: Bit, Jot, Speck + Atom, Fragment, Particle + Trace, Scrap, Shred ||| Antonyms: Whole, Lot, Much + Abundance, Mass, Plenty + Bulk, Mass, Heap
Despise
Connotations: To feel contempt or a deep repugnance for + To regard with disdain + To look down upon with scorn ||| Sentences: She despised the way he treated her. + He despised dishonesty in all forms. + They despised their enemy’s cowardice. ||| Synonyms: Hate, Loathe, Detest + Scorn, Disdain, Abhor + Abhor, Detest, Disdain ||| Antonyms: Love, Admire, Respect + Admire, Love, Respect + Admire, Esteem, Respect
Abhor
Connotations: To regard with disgust and hatred + To feel intense aversion or loathing + To regard with extreme repugnance ||| Sentences: I abhor violence in all forms. + They abhorred the new policy. + He abhorred the taste of liver. ||| Synonyms: Hate, Loathe, Despise + Detest, Despise, Execrate + Loathe, Scorn, Shun ||| Antonyms: Love, Admire, Cherish + Admire, Adore, Love + Love, Respect, Embrace
Disdain
Connotations: The feeling that someone or something is unworthy of one’s consideration or respect + To regard with contempt + To treat with haughty contempt ||| Sentences: She looked at the messy room with disdain. + He disdained the offer because it seemed insincere. + The elitist disdained those he considered beneath him. ||| Synonyms: Contempt, Scorn, Derision + Despise, Spurn, Reject + Scorn, Sneer, Belittle ||| Antonyms: Respect, Admiration, Regard + Accept, Admire, Approve + Praise, Respect, Admire
Demolish
Connotations: To destroy completely + To pull or knock down + To destroy in a forceful way ||| Sentences: The old building was demolished to make way for a new one. + They demolished the house to build a new one. + The hurricane demolished the coastal town. ||| Synonyms: Destroy, Wreck, Tear down + Ruin, Flatten, Level + Devastate, Annihilate, Obliterate ||| Antonyms: Build, Construct, Erect + Construct, Erect, Raise + Build, Create, Preserve
Lackey
Connotations: A servant, especially a liveried footman or manservant + A person who is obsequiously willing to obey or serve another + Someone who does menial tasks for another ||| Sentences: He treated his assistant like a lackey. + The lackey followed his boss’s orders without question. + He acted as a lackey to the powerful politician. ||| Synonyms: Servant, Minion, Flunky + Toady, Sycophant, Henchman + Subordinate, Underling, Servant ||| Antonyms: Master, Boss, Leader + Leader, Superior, Master + Boss, Employer, Leader
Egress
Connotations: The action of going out or leaving a place + A means of going out + The act of leaving a place ||| Sentences: The emergency egress was clearly marked. + The building has multiple points of egress. + They were blocked from egress during the fire. ||| Synonyms: Exit, Departure, Exiting + Exit, Outlet, Way out + Exit, Escape, Exodus ||| Antonyms: Entry, Entrance, Ingress + Entrance, Entry, Access + Entrance, Entry, Ingress
Amalgamate
Connotations: To combine or unite to form one organization or structure + To mix or blend together + To join or consolidate ||| Sentences: The companies decided to amalgamate to increase efficiency. + The two schools amalgamated to improve resources. + The artist’s style amalgamates various techniques. ||| Synonyms: Merge, Combine, Unite + Blend, Fuse, Integrate + Mix, Unite, Meld ||| Antonyms: Separate, Divide, Split + Separate, Break up, Part + Separate, Segregate, Isolate
Insipid
Connotations: Lacking flavor, vigor, or interest + Lacking in qualities that interest or stimulate + Without distinctive, interesting, or stimulating qualities ||| Sentences: The soup was insipid and needed more seasoning. + His insipid personality made him forgettable. + The movie was insipid and not worth watching. ||| Synonyms: Bland, Tasteless, Dull + Boring, Lifeless, Unimaginative + Dull, Flat, Vapid ||| Antonyms: Flavorful, Interesting, Exciting + Engaging, Spirited, Enthralling + Exciting, Stimulating, Thrilling
Perennial
Connotations: Lasting for a long time or apparently infinite + Lasting or existing for a long or apparently infinite time + Recurrent, persistent ||| Sentences: The perennial plant blooms every year. + The debate on this issue is perennial. + The perennial problem of inflation affects everyone. ||| Synonyms: Enduring, Lasting, Eternal + Permanent, Perpetual, Persistent + Recurring, Enduring, Long-lasting ||| Antonyms: Fleeting, Temporary, Ephemeral + Short-lived, Transient, Momentary + Short-term, Temporary, Impermanent
Incensed
Connotations: Very angry + Filled with intense anger + Extremely angry ||| Sentences: She was incensed by the unfair treatment. + The incensed crowd demanded justice. + His incensed reaction was understandable given the circumstances. ||| Synonyms: Enraged, Infuriated, Irate + Outraged, Fuming, Livid + Furious, Wrathful, Indignant ||| Antonyms: Calm, Pleased, Content + Satisfied, Content, Tranquil + Calm, Composed, Happy
Impeached
Connotations: To charge (the holder of a public office) with misconduct + To challenge the credibility of + To call into question the integrity or validity of ||| Sentences: The president was impeached for corruption. + The witness’s credibility was impeached by the defense attorney. + His motives were impeached by the investigation. ||| Synonyms: Accused, Charged, Indicted + Discredited, Challenged, Questioned + Questioned, Disputed, Criticized ||| Antonyms: Exonerated, Cleared, Vindicated + Supported, Confirmed, Upheld + Supported, Endorsed, Accepted
Lurid
Connotations: Very vivid in color, especially so as to create an unpleasantly harsh or unnatural effect + Presented in vividly shocking or sensational terms + Very bright or gaudy in color ||| Sentences: The lurid headlines grabbed everyone’s attention. + The lurid details of the crime were broadcasted on all channels. + The lurid lights of the carnival could be seen from afar. ||| Synonyms: Shocking, Sensational, Ghastly + Gruesome, Gory, Macabre + Garish, Gaudy, Flashy ||| Antonyms: Subdued, Muted, Subtle + Mild, Pleasant, Modest + Dull, Plain, Simple
Parched
Connotations: Dried out with heat + Extremely thirsty + Lacking moisture ||| Sentences: The parched earth cracked under the sun. + He was parched after the long hike. + The parched landscape needed rain desperately. ||| Synonyms: Thirsty, Dehydrated, Arid + Thirsty, Dry, Dehydrated + Arid, Barren, Desiccated ||| Antonyms: Moist, Wet, Hydrated + Quenched, Hydrated, Refreshed + Lush, Fertile, Wet
Verdant
Connotations: Green with grass or other rich vegetation + Covered with healthy green plants + Unripe in experience or judgment ||| Sentences: The verdant fields stretched out before them. + The verdant landscape was a welcome sight. + His verdant ideas showed his inexperience. ||| Synonyms: Green, Lush, Leafy + Flourishing, Luxuriant, Thriving + Naive, Inexperienced, Fresh ||| Antonyms: Barren, Arid, Withered + Bare, Sparse, Scorched + Experienced, Mature, Seasoned
Variegated
Connotations: Exhibiting different colors, especially as irregular patches or streaks + Diversified in color + Marked by variety ||| Sentences: The variegated leaves were stunning in the garden. + The variegated feathers of the bird were beautiful. + The variegated flowers added a vibrant touch to the garden. ||| Synonyms: Multicolored, Spotted, Speckled + Mottled, Dappled, Flecked + Diverse, Mixed, Varied ||| Antonyms: Monochromatic, Uniform, Plain + Solid, Unvaried, Homogeneous + Uniform, Unvaried, Consistent
Innocuous
Connotations: Not harmful or offensive + Not likely to provoke + Unlikely to cause harm ||| Sentences: His comments were innocuous and did not offend anyone. + The snake’s bite is innocuous. + The substance is innocuous to humans. ||| Synonyms: Harmless, Benign, Inoffensive + Safe, Mild, Unobjectionable + Safe, Non-toxic, Harmless ||| Antonyms: Harmful, Dangerous, Offensive + Dangerous, Poisonous, Harmful + Toxic, Harmful, Dangerous
Dogmatic
Connotations: Inclined to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true + Asserting opinions in an arrogant manner + Relating to or of the nature of dogma ||| Sentences: The professor’s dogmatic approach discouraged discussion. + His dogmatic beliefs alienated his friends. + The dogmatic statement left no room for debate. ||| Synonyms: Authoritative, Opinionated, Assertive + Rigid, Unyielding, Inflexible + Doctrinaire, Dictatorial, Imperious ||| Antonyms: Flexible, Open-minded, Submissive + Flexible, Amenable, Open-minded + Accommodating, Tolerant, Easygoing
Bristle
Connotations: To react angrily or defensively + To stand upright away from the skin + To be covered with or abundant in ||| Sentences: He bristled at the suggestion of impropriety. + The cat’s fur bristled when it saw the dog. + The garden bristled with weeds. ||| Synonyms: React angrily, Take offense, Rise up + Stand on end, Erect, Prickle + Abound, Swarm, Overflow ||| Antonyms: Calm, Relax, Soften + Flatten, Smooth, Settle + Lack, Scarce, Deplete
Frail
Connotations: Weak and delicate + Easily damaged or broken + Lacking in strength or resilience ||| Sentences: The frail old man needed assistance. + The frail vase shattered when it fell. + His frail health prevented him from traveling. ||| Synonyms: Weak, Delicate, Fragile + Fragile, Brittle, Feeble + Weak, Tenuous, Infirm ||| Antonyms: Strong, Robust, Sturdy + Sturdy, Durable, Strong + Vigorous, Resilient, Hardy
Exhilarate
Connotations: To make someone feel very happy or animated + To enliven or invigorate + To cause someone to feel very happy or animated ||| Sentences: The roller coaster ride exhilarated the children. + The fresh air exhilarated her. + The news of his success exhilarated him. ||| Synonyms: Thrill, Excite, Elate + Energize, Stimulate, Invigorate + Enliven, Uplift, Rejuvenate ||| Antonyms: Bore, Depress, Dull + Weaken, Sadden, Dampen + Discourage, Deject, Dismay
Deluge
Connotations: A severe flood + An overwhelming amount or number + To overwhelm with a large quantity ||| Sentences: The deluge caused widespread damage. + She received a deluge of emails. + The company was deluged with complaints. ||| Synonyms: Flood, Torrent, Inundation + Influx, Barrage, Overflow + Swamp, Overwhelm, Flood ||| Antonyms: Drought, Dryness, Dehydration + Trickle, Dribble, Lack + Underwhelm, Drain, Dry
Tirade
Connotations: A long, angry speech of criticism or accusation + A prolonged outburst of bitter denunciation + An extended speech marked by anger or criticism ||| Sentences: His tirade against the policy lasted for an hour. + The manager’s tirade shocked the employees. + She went on a tirade about the unfair treatment. ||| Synonyms: Rant, Diatribe, Harangue + Outburst, Lecture, Invective + Rant, Screed, Denunciation ||| Antonyms: Praise, Compliment, Tribute + Silence, Peace, Calm + Compliment, Applause, Acclaim
Quasi
Connotations: Seemingly; apparently but not really + Resembling but not actually being + Having some resemblance or semblance ||| Sentences: The quasi-scientific explanation confused everyone. + The quasi-official ceremony was not recognized by the government. + The new law has quasi-legal status. ||| Synonyms: Pseudo, Almost, Seeming + Semi, Near, Almost + Pseudo, Apparent, Partial ||| Antonyms: Actual, Real, Genuine + Complete, Entire, Absolute + Genuine, Authentic, True
Vilify
Connotations: To speak or write about in an abusively disparaging manner + To make vicious statements about + To lower in importance or estimation by criticism ||| Sentences: They vilified him in the press. + The politician was vilified by his opponents. + She felt vilified by the false accusations. ||| Synonyms: Defame, Slander, Malign + Disparage, Denigrate, Belittle + Libel, Calumniate, Decry ||| Antonyms: Praise, Commend, Laud + Praise, Acclaim, Exalt + Honor, Respect, Admire
Defraud
Connotations: To illegally obtain money from (someone) by deception + To deprive of a right or property by fraud + To cheat someone out of money or property ||| Sentences: He was arrested for defrauding the investors. + The company was accused of defrauding its customers. + The scam was designed to defraud elderly people. ||| Synonyms: Cheat, Swindle, Deceive + Embezzle, Fleece, Con + Cheat, Bilk, Con ||| Antonyms: Honor, Give, Aid + Compensate, Reward, Repay + Repay, Compensate, Return
Rigmarole
Connotations: A lengthy and complicated procedure + A long, rambling story or statement + A complex and tedious process ||| Sentences: The rigmarole of getting a visa was exhausting. + He went through the rigmarole of explaining his decision. + The application process was full of rigmarole. ||| Synonyms: Hassle, Fuss, Ordeal + Palaver, Jargon, Nonsense + Complication, Red tape, Muddle ||| Antonyms: Simplicity, Ease, Directness + Clarity, Brevity, Conciseness + Simplicity, Straightforwardness, Directness
Deign
Connotations: To do something that one considers to be beneath one’s dignity + To reluctantly agree to do something + To lower oneself to do something ||| Sentences: He did not deign to reply to the insult. + She deigned to attend the meeting. + He deigned to acknowledge their presence. ||| Synonyms: Condescend, Stoop, Lower oneself + Condescend, Acquiesce, Agree + Humble, Submit, Yield ||| Antonyms: Rise, Elevate, Respect + Refuse, Decline, Reject + Hold back, Keep up, Withhold
Condescend
Connotations: To show feelings of superiority; be patronizing + To do something in a haughty way + To act graciously but with an air of superiority ||| Sentences: He condescended to speak to the students. + She condescended to offer her help. + He condescended to their requests with a smile. ||| Synonyms: Patronize, Deign, Stoop + Patronize, Deign, Humiliate + Humble, Accommodate, Yield ||| Antonyms: Respect, Admire, Elevate + Respect, Revere, Venerate + Elevate, Respect, Praise
Disparage
Connotations: To regard or represent as being of little worth + To speak of in a slighting way + To lower in rank or reputation ||| Sentences: He never missed an opportunity to disparage his competitors. + She disparaged his achievements. + The article disparaged the scientist’s contributions. ||| Synonyms: Belittle, Dismiss, Deprecate + Denigrate, Diminish, Depreciate + Ridicule, Criticize, Scorn ||| Antonyms: Praise, Admire, Commend + Extol, Applaud, Exalt + Compliment, Celebrate, Laud
Proletariat
Connotations: Workers or working-class people + The class of wage-earners + The lowest economic and social class ||| Sentences: The proletariat was crucial to the revolution. + The proletariat fought for better conditions. + Marx wrote extensively about the proletariat. ||| Synonyms: Working class, Commoners, Laborers + Workforce, Peasantry, Blue-collar workers + Laborers, Common people, Masses ||| Antonyms: Aristocracy, Elite, Upper class + Bourgeoisie, Nobility, Aristocrats + Bourgeoisie, Capitalists, Elite
Ludicrous
Connotations: So foolish, unreasonable, or out of place as to be amusing + Laughably ridiculous + Completely absurd or laughable ||| Sentences: The idea was so ludicrous that everyone laughed. + The ludicrous situation made her giggle. + The notion was ludicrous and not taken seriously. ||| Synonyms: Absurd, Ridiculous, Preposterous + Comical, Farcical, Bizarre + Outrageous, Silly, Foolish ||| Antonyms: Sensible, Reasonable, Logical + Rational, Serious, Wise + Sane, Serious, Sensible
Malefic
Connotations: Causing or capable of causing harm or destruction + Having an evil influence + Producing harmful effects ||| Sentences: The malefic spell brought disaster upon them. + The character’s malefic intentions were clear. + The malefic forces were believed to cause illness. ||| Synonyms: Harmful, Malevolent, Evil + Sinister, Baleful, Nefarious + Baneful, Pernicious, Detrimental ||| Antonyms: Beneficial, Good, Kind + Benevolent, Kind, Harmless + Helpful, Healing, Constructive
Baleful
Connotations: Having a harmful effect + Threatening harm or evil + Deadly or sinister ||| Sentences: The baleful influence of the drug was evident. + His baleful expression was intimidating. + The baleful consequences of his actions were severe. ||| Synonyms: Harmful, Detrimental, Pernicious + Menacing, Ominous, Sinister + Nefarious, Malevolent, Malefic ||| Antonyms: Beneficial, Healing, Helpful + Benevolent, Friendly, Kind + Innocuous, Benign, Harmless
Languid
Connotations: Displaying or having a disinclination for physical exertion or effort + Slow and relaxed + Lacking in spirit or interest ||| Sentences: She felt languid after the long day at work. + The languid river flowed gently. + His languid attitude was evident during the meeting. ||| Synonyms: Listless, Lethargic, Relaxed + Unhurried, Leisurely, Unenergetic + Indifferent, Apathetic, Sluggish ||| Antonyms: Energetic, Lively, Active + Brisk, Animated, Vivacious + Enthusiastic, Eager, Sprightly
High-strung
Connotations: Nervous and easily upset + Highly sensitive and excitable + Prone to anxiety and tension ||| Sentences: The high-strung horse was difficult to handle. + She was too high-strung to enjoy the party. + His high-strung personality made him prone to stress. ||| Synonyms: Nervous, Tense, Anxious + Jumpy, Edgy, Skittish + Anxious, Wound-up, Excitable ||| Antonyms: Calm, Relaxed, Easygoing + Unflappable, Tranquil, Placid + Calm, Unruffled, Laid-back
Mettle
Connotations: A person’s ability to cope well with difficulties or to face a demanding situation in a spirited and resilient way + Spirit and resilience + Courage and determination ||| Sentences: The team showed their mettle in the final game. + She proved her mettle by completing the challenge. + His mettle was tested in the difficult situation. ||| Synonyms: Courage, Spirit, Fortitude + Bravery, Tenacity, Determination + Grit, Valor, Endurance ||| Antonyms: Cowardice, Weakness, Timidity + Timidity, Fear, Spinelessness + Weakness, Fragility, Timidity
Abridgment
Connotations: A shortened version of a larger work + The act of shortening + The act of reducing or curtailing ||| Sentences: The abridgment of the novel was easier to read. + The professor recommended an abridgment of the textbook. + The rights abridgment led to protests. ||| Synonyms: Summary, Condensation, Digest + Compendium, Epitome, Synopsis + Curtailment, Reduction, Truncation ||| Antonyms: Expansion, Enlargement, Extension + Full version, Unabridged, Complete + Extension, Augmentation, Elongation
Epitome
Connotations: A person or thing that is a perfect example of a particular quality or type + A summary of a written work + The ideal or typical example ||| Sentences: She is the epitome of grace and elegance. + The book is an epitome of medieval literature. + His actions were the epitome of bravery. ||| Synonyms: Embodiment, Exemplification, Quintessence + Abstract, Synopsis, Summary + Paragon, Archetype, Model ||| Antonyms: Antithesis, Opposite, Contradiction + Expansion, Enlargement, Elaboration + Antithesis, Opposite, Counterexample
Cajole
Connotations: To persuade someone to do something by sustained coaxing or flattery + To influence by gentle urging, caressing, or flattering + To deceive with soothing words or false promises ||| Sentences: She cajoled him into going to the party. + He cajoled the cat into coming inside. + They tried to cajole the information out of her. ||| Synonyms: Persuade, Wheedle, Coax + Sweet-talk, Inveigle, Beguile + Blandish, Flatter, Entice ||| Antonyms: Bully, Force, Repel + Dissuade, Discourage, Repel + Repel, Deter, Discourage
Flaunt
Connotations: To display (something) ostentatiously, especially in order to provoke envy or admiration or to show defiance + To show off + To exhibit shamelessly ||| Sentences: She flaunted her wealth by wearing expensive jewelry. + He flaunted his success on social media. + The athlete flaunted his trophies in front of the camera. ||| Synonyms: Show off, Parade, Display + Boast, Exhibit, Flash + Vaunt, Brandish, Swagger ||| Antonyms: Hide, Conceal, Cover + Conceal, Disguise, Hide + Cover, Suppress, Camouflage
Coax
Connotations: To gently and persistently persuade (someone) to do something + To use gentle persuasion + To influence by gentle urging or flattery ||| Sentences: She coaxed the cat down from the tree. + He coaxed her into trying the new dish. + The child was coaxed into taking the medicine. ||| Synonyms: Persuade, Wheedle, Cajole + Entice, Sweet-talk, Beguile + Lure, Charm, Sway ||| Antonyms: Bully, Force, Repel + Dissuade, Deter, Discourage + Repel, Push, Dissuade
Beguile
Connotations: To charm or enchant (someone), sometimes in a deceptive way + To trick or deceive + To pass time pleasantly ||| Sentences: She beguiled the audience with her story. + He beguiled her into signing the contract. + They beguiled the afternoon with games and laughter. ||| Synonyms: Charm, Enchant, Captivate + Deceive, Mislead, Delude + Entertain, Amuse, Divert ||| Antonyms: Repel, Disgust, Deter + Enlighten, Inform, Reveal + Bore, Tire, Weary
Celibacy
Connotations: The state of abstaining from marriage and sexual relations + Abstaining from sexual relations + The practice of remaining unmarried ||| Sentences: He took a vow of celibacy. + She practiced celibacy as part of her religious commitment. + The monk’s life was one of celibacy and prayer. ||| Synonyms: Chastity, Abstinence, Purity + Virginity, Self-restraint, Continence + Abstention, Purity, Forbearance ||| Antonyms: Indulgence, Engagement, Activity + Promiscuity, Activity, Participation + Indulgence, Participation, Engagement
Chastity
Connotations: The state or practice of refraining from extramarital, or especially from all, sexual intercourse + Refraining from sexual activity + Morally pure conduct ||| Sentences: She vowed to live a life of chastity. + The chastity of the character was central to the story. + His chastity was respected in the community. ||| Synonyms: Purity, Virtue, Modesty + Innocence, Abstinence, Continence + Decency, Integrity, Honor ||| Antonyms: Promiscuity, Immorality, Licentiousness + Licentiousness, Impurity, Indulgence + Corruption, Immorality, Sinfulness
Inclement
Connotations: (Of the weather) unpleasantly cold or wet + Severe in temper or action + Lacking mildness ||| Sentences: The inclement weather forced them to stay indoors. + The inclement conditions were dangerous for travelers. + The forecast warned of inclement weather ahead. ||| Synonyms: Stormy, Harsh, Severe + Rough, Intemperate, Unpleasant + Harsh, Brutal, Fierce ||| Antonyms: Mild, Calm, Pleasant + Gentle, Agreeable, Benign + Mild, Pleasant, Benign
Genial
Connotations: Friendly and cheerful + Warmly and pleasantly cheerful + Marked by or diffusing sympathy or friendliness ||| Sentences: The genial host made everyone feel welcome. + His genial smile brightened everyone’s day. + The atmosphere at the party was genial. ||| Synonyms: Friendly, Affable, Cordial + Amiable, Cheerful, Warm + Jovial, Gracious, Good-natured ||| Antonyms: Unfriendly, Cold, Hostile + Dour, Surly, Gloomy + Unfriendly, Aloof, Cold
Irresolute
Connotations: Indecisive in nature + Uncertain and unable to make decisions + Showing a lack of determination or certainty ||| Sentences: The committee was irresolute on the issue. + He remained irresolute despite the clear evidence. + She stood irresolute, unable to choose a side. ||| Synonyms: Hesitant, Faltering, Tentative + Undecided, Vacillating, Wavering + Indecisive, Doubtful, Uncertain ||| Antonyms: Determined, Resolute, Decisive + Unyielding, Firm, Decisive + Certain, Definite, Sure
Sturdy
Connotations: Strongly and solidly built + Capable of withstanding rough use + Showing confidence and determination ||| Sentences: The sturdy table could hold a lot of weight. + The sturdy boots were perfect for hiking. + The sturdy defense line held against the attack. ||| Synonyms: Robust, Strong, Durable + Tough, Resilient, Hardy + Resolute, Steadfast, Firm ||| Antonyms: Fragile, Weak, Frail + Delicate, Brittle, Feeble + Hesitant, Weak, Irresolute
Annexation
Connotations: The action of annexing something, especially territory + The act of adding or attaching + Incorporation of new territory or domain ||| Sentences: The annexation of the small country caused an uproar. + The annexation of the land was completed swiftly. + The annexation increased the empire’s size. ||| Synonyms: Seizure, Occupation, Takeover + Addition, Incorporation, Merger + Expansion, Extension, Enclosure ||| Antonyms: Cession, Surrender, Relinquishment + Separation, Detachment, Disconnection + Reduction, Contraction, Subtraction
Incur
Connotations: To become subject to (something unwelcome or unpleasant) as a result of one’s own behavior or actions + To bring upon oneself + To become liable or subject to ||| Sentences: He incurred heavy fines for his actions. + She incurred the wrath of her boss. + By ignoring the rules, they incurred penalties. ||| Synonyms: Sustain, Experience, Suffer + Attract, Invite, Provoke + Encounter, Gain, Draw ||| Antonyms: Avoid, Evade, Escape + Avoid, Shun, Prevent + Avert, Dodge, Prevent
Shun
Connotations: To persistently avoid, ignore, or reject (someone or something) + To keep away from + To avoid deliberately ||| Sentences: They shunned him after the scandal. + She shunned publicity after the controversy. + He was shunned by the community for his actions. ||| Synonyms: Avoid, Eschew, Reject + Avoid, Steer clear of, Sidestep + Ostracize, Boycott, Spurn ||| Antonyms: Accept, Welcome, Embrace + Seek, Pursue, Welcome + Include, Accept, Integrate
Plaintiff
Connotations: A person who brings a case against another in a court of law + The party initiating a lawsuit + One who begins a lawsuit ||| Sentences: The plaintiff presented her case to the jury. + The plaintiff sued for damages. + The plaintiff argued that her rights had been violated. ||| Synonyms: Complainant, Claimant, Litigant + Petitioner, Prosecutor, Complainant + Litigator, Initiator, Proponent ||| Antonyms: Defendant, Accused, Respondent + Defendant, Acquitted, Respondent + Defendant, Responder, Opponent
Plaintive
Connotations: Sounding sad and mournful + Expressing sorrow + Melancholic in nature ||| Sentences: The plaintive cry of the orphan touched everyone’s heart. + His plaintive tone made it clear he was grieving. + The plaintive melody of the song moved the audience. ||| Synonyms: Mournful, Melancholy, Sorrowful + Lamenting, Woeful, Sorrowful + Sorrowful, Melancholy, Mournful ||| Antonyms: Cheerful, Joyful, Happy + Cheerful, Jubilant, Upbeat + Joyous, Exultant, Jubilant
Valet
Connotations: A male servant who attends to the personal needs of his employer + A person employed to perform personal services + A person employed to park cars at a hotel or restaurant ||| Sentences: The valet parked the car efficiently. + The valet prepared his employer’s clothes for the evening. + The valet greeted guests and took their keys. ||| Synonyms: Servant, Attendant, Butler + Servant, Manservant, Attendant + Parking attendant, Car parker, Concierge ||| Antonyms: Master, Employer, Boss + Employer, Superior, Boss + Patron, Guest, Client
Varlet
Connotations: A dishonest or unprincipled man + A man acting as a servant or attendant + A rascal or rogue ||| Sentences: The varlet tried to cheat his customers. + The varlet was known for his mischievous behavior. + The varlet was caught stealing from the treasury. ||| Synonyms: Rogue, Scoundrel, Knave + Servant, Attendant, Page + Rascal, Knave, Rogue ||| Antonyms: Gentleman, Noble, Honorable + Master, Lord, Superior + Gentleman, Noble, Honorable
Complacent
Connotations: Showing smug or uncritical satisfaction with oneself or one’s achievements + Self-satisfied and unconcerned + Uncritically satisfied with oneself ||| Sentences: He was complacent about his mediocre performance. + Her complacent attitude prevented her from improving. + The company’s complacent approach led to its downfall. ||| Synonyms: Smug, Self-satisfied, Unconcerned + Self-satisfied, Pleased, Unworried + Smug, Conceited, Satisfied ||| Antonyms: Concerned, Eager, Anxious + Discontented, Ambitious, Driven + Discontented, Critical, Unhappy
Complaisant
Connotations: Willing to please others + Agreeable and willing to please + Showing a cheerful willingness to do favors for others ||| Sentences: She was always complaisant and eager to help. + His complaisant nature made him a favorite among peers. + The complaisant assistant did everything asked of her. ||| Synonyms: Obliging, Accommodating, Agreeable + Acquiescent, Willing, Obliging + Docile, Amenable, Cooperative ||| Antonyms: Disagreeable, Uncooperative, Stubborn + Stubborn, Uncooperative, Inflexible + Resistant, Unyielding, Defiant
Penitence
Connotations: The action of feeling or showing sorrow and regret for having done wrong + Sincere regret or remorse + The state of being penitent ||| Sentences: His penitence was evident as he apologized. + She expressed her penitence through tears. + His penitence was genuine, and he sought forgiveness. ||| Synonyms: Remorse, Regret, Contrition + Repentance, Sorrow, Remorse + Contrition, Atonement, Guilt ||| Antonyms: Indifference, Defiance, Unrepentance + Satisfaction, Contentment, Indifference + Indifference, Shamelessness, Unremorseful
Penance
Connotations: Voluntary self-punishment inflicted as an outward expression of repentance for having done wrong + An act of self-mortification or devotion + A discipline imposed by church authority ||| Sentences: He performed penance for his past mistakes. + Her penance included fasting and prayer. + The priest assigned penance for his sins. ||| Synonyms: Atonement, Reparation, Amends + Self-punishment, Atonement, Repentance + Atonement, Reparation, Self-denial ||| Antonyms: Indulgence, Satisfaction, Enjoyment + Indulgence, Self-gratification, Enjoyment + Indulgence, Pleasure, Satisfaction
Crevice
Connotations: A narrow opening or fissure, especially in a rock or wall + A small narrow space or gap + A narrow fissure or crack ||| Sentences: The plant grew in a crevice in the rock. + The lizard hid in a crevice in the wall. + The crevice was just wide enough for the key. ||| Synonyms: Crack, Gap, Fissure + Split, Opening, Cleft + Crack, Slit, Chink ||| Antonyms: Solid, Closure, Block + Solid, Wall, Surface + Closure, Obstruction, Barrier
Crevasse
Connotations: A deep open crack, especially one in a glacier + A large, deep fissure + A significant and dangerous crack or split ||| Sentences: The mountaineers avoided the deep crevasse. + The crevasse was treacherous and difficult to cross. + The ice bridge spanned a crevasse in the glacier. ||| Synonyms: Chasm, Abyss, Rift + Gorge, Chasm, Ravine + Fissure, Abyss, Chasm ||| Antonyms: Hill, Elevation, Mound + Plateau, Flatland, Plain + Ridge, Hill, Bump
Intimidating
Connotations: Frightening or overawing someone, especially to make them do what one wants + Making someone feel timid or fearful + To instill fear or a sense of inferiority ||| Sentences: The teacher’s intimidating presence kept the students in line. + The intimidating guard deterred trespassers. + The prospect of speaking in public was intimidating to him. ||| Synonyms: Daunting, Frightening, Menacing + Threatening, Overpowering, Alarming + Scary, Daunting, Fearsome ||| Antonyms: Comforting, Reassuring, Calming + Reassuring, Encouraging, Soothing + Comforting, Encouraging, Calming
Peril
Connotations: Serious and immediate danger + Exposure to the risk of harm or loss + Something that may cause harm or injury ||| Sentences: The explorers faced great peril in the jungle. + The journey through the mountains was fraught with peril. + The country’s economic stability is in peril. ||| Synonyms: Danger, Hazard, Risk + Threat, Jeopardy, Menace + Risk, Danger, Trouble ||| Antonyms: Safety, Security, Protection + Safety, Security, Protection + Security, Stability, Assurance
Dwindle
Connotations: To diminish gradually in size, amount, or strength + To become steadily less + To reduce in number or intensity ||| Sentences: The supplies began to dwindle after a week. + Attendance at the event dwindled over time. + His savings dwindled to almost nothing. ||| Synonyms: Decrease, Diminish, Shrink + Decline, Wane, Recede + Reduce, Lessen, Subside ||| Antonyms: Increase, Expand, Grow + Grow, Swell, Rise + Expand, Multiply, Proliferate
Repel
Connotations: To drive or force (an attack or attacker) back or away + To be repulsive or distasteful + To resist effectively ||| Sentences: The fortress was able to repel the invaders. + The smell was strong enough to repel anyone. + The army managed to repel the attack. ||| Synonyms: Repulse, Fend off, Ward off + Disgust, Repulse, Offend + Counter, Resist, Thwart ||| Antonyms: Attract, Draw, Entice + Attract, Appeal, Delight + Yield, Succumb, Accept
Barb
Connotations: A sharp projection near the end of an arrow or fishhook that makes it difficult to remove + A cutting remark + A sharp point facing away from the main point to make extraction difficult ||| Sentences: The fishhook’s barb made it difficult to unhook the fish. + Her comment had a barb of truth in it. + The barb on the wire snagged his shirt. ||| Synonyms: Spike, Point, Prong + Insult, Gibe, Jibe + Spur, Thorn, Spike ||| Antonyms: Smooth, Blunt, Flat + Compliment, Praise, Flattery + Smooth, Blunt, Flat
Slapstick
Connotations: Comedy based on deliberately clumsy actions and humorously embarrassing events + A form of humor involving exaggerated physical activity + A type of comedy characterized by broad, exaggerated actions ||| Sentences: The movie was full of slapstick humor. + The slapstick routine made the audience laugh. + His slapstick antics were a hit with the children. ||| Synonyms: Physical comedy, Farce, Buffoonery + Horseplay, Pratfall, Roughhouse + Antics, Clowning, Shenanigans ||| Antonyms: Subtlety, Seriousness, Drama + Subtle humor, Wit, Refined comedy + Seriousness, Sobriety, Earnestness
