Vocabulary(Evidence and NS)

Question 1

amino acid sequencing

Answer 1

the process of identifying the arrangement of amino acids in proteins and peptides.

Question 2

analogous structure

Answer 2

features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and which do not derive from a common ancestral feature (compare to homologous structures) and which evolved in response to a similar environmental challenge.

Question 3

anatomy

Answer 3

the branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms, especially as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts.

Question 4

biochemical evidence

Answer 4

the use of molecular biology techniques to study the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms.

Question 5

bio geography

Answer 5

Bio geography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time.

Question 6

cladogram

Answer 6

a branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between a number of species.

Question 7

common ancestry

Answer 7

an ancestral group of organisms that is shared by multiple lineages.

Question 8

descent with modification

Answer 8

the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor.

Question 9

DNA sequencing

Answer 9

the general laboratory technique for determining the exact sequence of nucleotides, or bases, in a DNA molecule.

Question 10

electrophoresis

Answer 10

a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge.

Question 11

embryo

Answer 11

Early stage in the development of humans and other animals or plants.

Question 12

embryo
embryology

Answer 12

the study of development of an embryo from the stage of ovum fertilization through to the fetal stage.

Question 13

evolutionary tree

Answer 13

a diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor.

Question 14

fossil record

Answer 14

a collection of fossils documenting the history of life on Earth.

Question 15

homologous structure

Answer 15

an organ, system, or body part that shares a common ancestry in multiple organisms.

Question 16

homology

Answer 16

similarity of the structure, physiology, or development of different species of organisms based upon their descent from a common evolutionary ancestor.

Question 17

paleontology

Answer 17

the study of the history of life on Earth as based on fossils.

Question 18

phenotypic similarity

Answer 18

a measure of functional redundancy within homologous gene families.

Question 19

phylogeny

Answer 19

the evolutionary history of the development of a species or of a taxonomic group of organisms.

Question 20

phylogenetic tree

Answer 20

a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms.

Question 21

vestigial structures

Answer 21

features of an organism that are considered to have lost much or all of their original function through evolution.

Question 22

sedimentary layers
adaptation

Answer 22

Sedimentary environments dictate the conditions under which sediments accumulate, affecting what organisms can thrive there.

Question 23

behavior

Answer 23

the change in activity of an organism in response to a stimulus.

Question 24

competition

Answer 24

interaction with same or different species over food or females.

Question 25

fitness

Answer 25

Fitness is a quantitative representation of individual reproductive success. It is also equal to the average contribution to the gene pool of the next etc.

Question 26

gene pool

Answer 26

A gene pool refers to the combination of all the genes (including alleles) present in a reproducing population or species.

Question 27

genetic variation

Answer 27

Genetic variation is the presence of differences in sequences of genes between individual organisms of a species. It enables natural selection.

Question 28

geographic isolation

Answer 28

the physical separation of populations of organisms from one another due to geographical barriers.

Question 29

morphology

Answer 29

a branch of biology that studies the external and internal structures of living things.

Question 30

natural selection

Answer 30

Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.

Question 31

phenotypic expression

Answer 31

the observable characteristics in an organism that results from the expression of genes.

Question 32

physiology

Answer 32

Physiology is the science of life.

Question 33

population

Answer 33

A population is an assortment of organisms of a species that live in the same place at the same time and interbreed.

Question 34

reproductive isolation

Answer 34

the inability of a species to breed successfully with related species due to geographical, behavioral, physiological, or genetic barriers or differences.

Question 35

sexual selection

Answer 35

the process by which individuals compete for access to mates and fertilization opportunities.

Question 36

speciation

Answer 36

Speciation is how a new kind of plant or animal species is created. Speciation occurs when a group within a species separates from other members of its species.

Question 37

species

Answer 37

a group of organisms that can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring.

Question 38

Trait

Answer 38

a specific characteristic of an individual.

Question 39

Coevolution

Answer 39

The term coevolution is used to describe cases where two (or more) species reciprocally affect each other’s evolution.

Question 40

Convergent evolution

Answer 40

occurs when organisms that aren’t closely related evolve similar features or behaviours, often as solutions to the same problems.

Question 41

Divergent evolution

Answer 41

the process by which interbreeding species diverged into two or more evolutionary groups.

Question 42

Founder effect

Answer 42

the reduction in genomic variability that occurs when a small group of individuals becomes separated from a larger population.

Question 43

Gene flow

Answer 43

any movement of individuals, and/or the genetic material they carry.

Question 44

Gene frequency

Answer 44

the ratio of the number of a specified allele in a population to the total of all alleles at its genetic locus.

Question 45

Gene pool

Answer 45

A gene pool refers to the combination of all the genes (including alleles) present in a reproducing population or species.

Question 46

Genetic drift

Answer 46

Genetic drift is the change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance.

Question 47

Geologic record

Answer 47

the entirety of the layers of rock strata.