Unit 3 List 1 DNA and Heredity

Question 1

cellular division

Answer 1

mitosis and meiosis.

Question 2

egg cell

Answer 2

a female reproductive cell that fuses with sperm in the process of fertilization.

Question 3

epigenetic

Answer 3

the study of how cells control gene activity without changing the DNA sequence.

Question 4

fertilization

Answer 4

the union of two gametes.

Question 5

genome

Answer 5

the entire set of DNA instructions found in a cell.

Question 6

Inherited traits

Answer 6

a particular genetically determined characteristic or quality that distinguishes somebody.

Question 7

Multicellular organism

Answer 7

an organism composed of many cells.

Question 8

Sexual reproduction

Answer 8

the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes.

Question 9

sperm cell

Answer 9

The male reproductive cell.

Question 10

autosomal

Answer 10

any chromosome other than the sex chromosomes.

Question 11

complete dominance

Answer 11

a condition wherein the allele regarded as dominant completely masks the effect of the allele that is recessive.

Question 12

dihybrid cross

Answer 12

a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits.

Question 13

F1 (first filial)

Answer 13

first generation of offspring

Question 14

F2 (second filial)

Answer 14

Result of two F1’s crossing.

Question 15

genotype

Answer 15

genetic makeup of an organism

Question 16

genotypic ratio

Answer 16

the number of times a genotype would appear in the offspring after a test cross.

Question 17

Hardy-Weinberg conditions

Answer 17

genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next.

Question 18

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 18

a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant

Question 19

incomplete dominance

Answer 19

a form of Gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype.

Question 20

Monohybrid cross

Answer 20

A monohybrid cross is a cross between two organisms with different variations at one genetic locus of interest.

Question 21

P (parental)

Answer 21

the parental generation.

Question 22

Phenotype

Answer 22

an individual’s observable traits

Question 23

phenotypic ratio

Answer 23

a ratio comparing the possible outcomes for an organism based on physical appearance.

Question 24

polygenic inheritance

Answer 24

the inheritance of a trait governed by more than one genes.

Question 25

population

Answer 25

A population is an assortment of organisms of a species that live in the same place at the same time and interbreed.

Question 26

ratio

Answer 26

a numerical comparison of how many offspring will have one phenotype versus another.

Question 27

Variation

Answer 27

something that makes it different from its counterpart