Vocabulary Chapter 9

Question 1

a lava flow with a rubbly surface

Answer 1

a’a’

Question 2

Tiny solid particals or liquid droplets that remain suspended in the atmosphere for a long time.

Answer 2

aerosol

Question 3

A volcano that has erupted in the past few centuries and will likely erupt again.

Answer 3

active volcano

Question 4

Tiny glass shards formed when a fine spray of exploded lava freezes instantly upon contact witht the atmosphere.

Answer 4

ash

Question 5

Large angular pyroclastic fragments consisting of volcanic rock, broken up during the eruption

Answer 5

block

Question 6

A large circular depression with steep walls and a fairly flat floor, formed after an eruption as the center of the volcano collapses into the drained magma chamber below.

Answer 6

caldera

Question 7

A subaerial volcano consisting off a cone-shaped pile of tephra whose slope approches the angle of repose for tephra.

Answer 7

cinder cone

Question 8

A type of fracturing that yield roughly hexagonal columns of basalt; they can form when a dike, sill, or lave flow cools.

Answer 8

columnar jointing

Question 9

A cricular depression at the top of a volcanic mound.

Answer 9

crater

Question 10

A volcano that has not erupted for hundreds to thousands of years but does have the potential to erupt again in the future.

Answer 10

dormant volcano

Question 11

An eruption that yields mostly lava, not ash.

Answer 11

effusive eruption

Question 12

The character of a particular volcano eruption.

Answer 12

eruptive style

Question 13

Violent volcanic eruption that produce clouds andavalanches of pyroclasic debris

Answer 13

explosive eruption

Question 14

A volcano that was active in the past but has now shut off entirely and will not react in the future

Answer 14

extinct volcano

Question 15

A conduit in a magma chamber in the shape of a long crack through which magma rises and erupts at the surface

Answer 15

fissure

Question 16

Vast sheets of basalt that spread out over the land; may form at a continental rift and where lava is hot and has low viscosity

Answer 16

flood basalt

Question 17

Solidified pyroclastic flows

Answer 17

ignimbrite

Question 18

Formed when volcanic ash and debris mix with water either in rivers or from melting snow and ice on the volcano’s flank

Answer 18

lahar

Question 19

Pryoclastic Partical(s) 2mm-marbel size

Answer 19

lapilli

Question 20

Region where huge volumes of lava or ash erupted over a short interval of geological time

Answer 20

large igneous province (LIP)

Question 21

The empty space left when a lava tunnel drains

Answer 21

lava tube

Question 22

A space below ground filled with magma

Answer 22

magma chamber

Question 23

The broad darker areas of the moon’s surface where flood basalts that erupted over 3 billion years ago.

Answer 23

mare

Question 24

A lava flow with a surface texture of smooth, glassy, ropelike ridges

Answer 24

pahoehoe

Question 25

Glass encursted basalt blobs that form on the sea floor and cool very quickly

Answer 25

pillow lava

Question 26

Fragmented material that sprayed out that sprayed out of a volcano that landed on the ground or seafloor in solid form

Answer 26

pyroclastic debris

Question 27

A fast moving avalanch that occurs when hot volcanic ash and degris mix with air and flow down the side of a volcano.

Answer 27

pyroclastic flow

Question 28

A subarial volcano with a broad, gentle dome, formed either from low-viscosity basaltic lava or from large pyroclastic sheets

Answer 28

shield volcano

Question 29

A large coneshaped subarieal volcano consisting of layers of lava and tephra

Answer 29

stratovolcano

Question 30

A volcano that erupts a vast amount (moor than 1,000 cubic km) of volcanic material during a single event; none have erupted during recorded human history.

Answer 30

supervolcano

Question 31

Unconsolidated accumulations fo pyroclastic grains

Answer 31

tephra

Question 32

A pyroclastic igneous rock composed of volcanic ash and fragmented pumice, formed when accumulations of the debris cement together

Answer 32

tuff

Question 33

Holes in igneous rocks formed from trapped bubbles when the rock cooled

Answer 33

vesicle

Question 34

The resistance of material to flow

Answer 34

viscosity

Question 35

A vent from which melt from inside the Earth spews out onto the planet's surface.

Answer 35

volcano