Vocabulary Chapter 10

Question 1

The series of smaller earthquakes that follow a major earthquake.

Answer 1

aftershock

Question 2

Seismic waves that pass through the interior of the earth.

Answer 2

body wave

Question 3

Waves in which particals move back and forth parrallel to the direction that the wave moves.

Answer 3

Compressional Waves (p-waves)

Question 4

The amount of movement of slip across a fault plane.

Answer 4

Displacement

Question 5

A vibration caused by the sudden breaking or frictional sliding of rock in the earth.

Answer 5

Earthquake

Question 6

The concept that earthquakes happen because stress builds up, causing rock adjacent to a fault to bend elastically until breaking and slip on a fault occus; the slip relaxes the elastic bending and decreases stress.

Answer 6

elastic rebound theory

Question 7

The point on the surface of the Earth directly above the focus of an earthquake.

Answer 7

epicenter

Question 8

A fracture on which one body of rock slides past another.

Answer 8

fault

Question 9

Gradual movement along a fault that occurs in absense of an earthquake.

Answer 9

fault creep

Question 10

A small step on the ground surface where one side of a fault has moved vertically with respect to the other.

Answer 10

fault scarp

Question 11

The intersection between a fault and the ground surface.

Answer 11

fault trace

Question 12

The location where a fault slips during and earthquake.

Answer 12

focus (hypocenter)

Question 13

The series of smaller erathquakes that precede a major earthquake.

Answer 13

foreshock

Question 14

Resistance to sliding on a surface

Answer 14

friction

Question 15

Siesmic events caused by the actions of people. (like fracking)

Answer 15

induced seismicity

Question 16

A measure of the relative size of an earthquake at a location by measuring the damage it caused.

Answer 16

intensity

Question 17

Earthquakes that occur away from plate boundaries

Answer 17

intraplate earthquake

Question 18

The number that represense the maximum amplitude of ground motion that would be measured by a seismometer placed a certain distance away from the epicenter of an earthquake.

Answer 18

magnitude

Question 19

An earthquake characterization scale based on the samount of damage that the earthquake causes.

Answer 19

Modified Mercalli Scale

Question 20

The average time betweeen successive geological events.

Answer 20

recurrence interval

Question 21

A scale that defines earthquakes on hte basis of the amplitude of the largest ground motion recorded on a seismogram.

Answer 21

Richter Scale

Question 22

When pressure in the water in the pores push sediment grains apart so that they become surrounded by water and no longer rest against each other, and the sediment becomes able to flow like a liquid.

Answer 22

sediment liquefaction (liquefaction)

Question 23

The relatively narrow strips of crust on earth that most earthquakes occur in.

Answer 23

seismic belts (siesmic zones)

Question 24

Earthquake activity

Answer 24

seismicity

Question 25

Waves of energy emitted at the focus of an earthquake

Answer 25

seismic wave

Question 26

The record of an earthquake produced by a seismograph

Answer 26

seismogram

Question 27

Someone who studies earthquakes

Answer 27

seismologist

Question 28

An insterment that can record ground motion from an earthqauke.

Answer 28

seismometer (siesmograph)

Question 29

Siesmic waves in which particals of material move back and forth perpendicular to the direction in which the wave itself moves

Answer 29

shear wave (S-wave)

Question 30

Stop-start movement along a fault plane casued by friction, which prevents movement until stress builds up sufficiently

Answer 30

stick-slip behavior

Question 31

The push, pull, or shear that a material fells when subjected to a force

Answer 31

stress

Question 32

Siesmic waves that travel along the earth’s surface.

Answer 32

surface waves

Question 33

A sloping benad of seismicity defined by intermediate and deep-focus eathquakes htat occur in the downgoing slab of a convergend plate boundry.

Answer 33

Wadati-Benioff zone

Question 34

A fault in which the hanging-wall block moves down the slope of the fault.

Answer 34

Normal Fault

Question 35

A steeply dipping fault in which the hanging-wall block slides up.

Answer 35

Reverse Fault

Question 36

A gently dipping reverse fault; the hanging-wall block moves up the slope of the fault.

Answer 36

Thrust Fault

Question 37

A fault in which one block slides horizontally past another so there is no relative vertical motion.

Answer 37

Strike-Slip Fault