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Biology Final Vocabulary > Vocabulary Chapter 14,15,17,19 > Flashcards

Vocabulary Chapter 14,15,17,19 Flashcards

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1
Q

Apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

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2
Q

AUG

A

Start codon

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3
Q

cDNA

A

DNA copies of mRNA

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4
Q

Cell determination

A

Decision that commits a cell to a certain development

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5
Q

Central dogma

A

States that information passes from DNA to RNA the into a protein

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6
Q

Cleavage

A

Period of rapid cell division following fertilization

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7
Q

DNA fingerprinting

A

Identifying technique based on differences in DNA of individuals

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8
Q

DNA gyrase

A

Relieves torsional strain caused by unwinding DNA

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9
Q

DNA ligase

A

Enzyme that forms phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides in DNA, seals the ‘nick’ on the lagging strand

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10
Q

DNA polymerase

A

Adds nucleotides to the 3’ end of a growing DNA chain

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11
Q

Erwin Chargaff

A

Formulated the base pair rules

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12
Q

Helicase

A

Unzips the DNA template

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13
Q

Knockout mice

A

Organisms with certain known genes inactivated

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14
Q

Missense mutations

A

Based substittution that changes an amino aid in a protein

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15
Q

mRNA

A

RNA that transports the information in DNA out of the nucleus

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16
Q

Nonsense mutation

A

Base substitution in which a codon is changed to a stop codon

17
Q

Northern blotting

A

When mRNA is separated by electrophoresis

18
Q

Okazaki Fragments

A

DNA fragments synthesized on the lagging strand

19
Q

Photorepair

A

Specific repair of DNA damaged caused by UV light

20
Q

Recombinant DNA

A

Single DNA molecule made from two different sources

21
Q

Stem cells

A

Undifferentiated cells that can give rise to differentiated cells

22
Q

Taq polymerase

A

Heat resistant enzyme used in the PCR procedure

23
Q

Telomere

A

Short repeat sequences that protect the lagging strand from degradation

24
Q

Thymine, Cytosine

A

Pyrimidine bases

25
Q

Transcription

A

the conversion of DNA to RNA

26
Q

Transcription bubble

A

Contains RNA polymerase, DNA template, & RNA transcript

27
Q

Translation

A

The assembly of a protein from RNA

28
Q

tRNA

A

RNA with amino acids covalently attached

29
Q

UAG

A

One of the stop codons

30
Q

Western blotting

A

When proteins are separated by electrophorsesis

Biology Final Vocabulary (4 decks)

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