Vocabulary Chapters 9-13

Question 1

Alleles

Answer 1

Alternative forms of a gene

Question 2

Aneuploidy

Answer 2

Gain or loss of a chromosome

Question 3

Autosomes

Answer 3

The 22 pairs of perfectly matched chromosomes

Question 4

Codominace

Answer 4

The heterozygote shows phenotypes of both homozygous parents

Question 5

Chiasmata

Answer 5

Sites of genetics recombination, of crossing over

Question 6

Dihybrid cross

Answer 6

A genetic cross involving two different traits

Question 7

Diploid

Answer 7

2n (number of chromosomes)

Question 8

Genotype

Answer 8

BB,Bb,bb

Question 9

Haploid

Answer 9

n (number of chromosomes)

Question 10

Heterozygous

Answer 10

Having two different alleles of the same gene

Question 11

Homozygous

Answer 11

Have two identical alleles of the same gene

Question 12

Incomplete dominance

Answer 12

When an heterozygote is intermediate in appearance between the two homozygotes

Question 13

Karyotype

Answer 13

Particular array of chromosomes in an organism

Question 14

Kinetochore

Answer 14

Attachment sites for microtubles

Question 15

Ligand

Answer 15

A signal molecule

Question 16

Maternal Inheritance

Answer 16

Uniparental inheritance from the mother

Question 17

Neurotransmitters

Answer 17

Signals that travel across a synaptic gap and persist briefly

Question 18

Nondisjunction

Answer 18

failure of sister chomatids to separate

Question 19

Oncongenes

Answer 19

Genes that can cause a cell to become cancerous

Question 20

Phenotype

Answer 20

Physical appearance due to allele’s expression

Question 21

Phosphatases

Answer 21

Enzymes that remove phosphate groups from proteins

Question 22

Prophase

Answer 22

First stage of mitosis, chromosomes become visible

Question 23

Protein kinases

Answer 23

Enzymes that add phosphate groups from proteins

Question 24

S (synthesis)

Answer 24

Cell cycle phase in which DNA replicates

Question 25

Sex-linked

Answer 25

Trait determined by genes on the X chromosome

Question 26

Signal transduction

Answer 26

Events that occur within a cell in response to a signal

Question 27

Steroid hormone

Answer 27

Type of signal that can cross the plasma membrane and affect gene expression