Vocabulary : Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Emergent Properties

A

Properties that cannot be predicted to exist based only on knowledge of the systems individual components.

Example: Among the most complex emergent properties in humans are emotions, intelligence, and other brain functions.

[None can be predicted from only knowledge of the individual properties of nerve cells.]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Proteomics

A

The study of proteins in living organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Integrate

A

To bring varied elements together to create a unified whole.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cells

A

Collection of molecules in living organisms.

[Smallest unit of structure capable of carrying out all life processes.]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)

A

Separates cells from their EXternal environment made of lipids and proteins creating a barrier.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tissues

A

Collections of cells that carry out related functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Organs

A

Tissues form structural and functional units.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Organ System

A

Group of organs integrate their functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Teleological approach

A

Thinking about a physiological event in terms of its adaptive significance; the function of a physiological system or event is the “why”.

Example:
Q- “ Why do red blood cells transport oxygen?”
Teleological A - “Because cells need oxygen and red blood cells transport oxygen.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mechanistic approach

A

Studying physiological processes, or mechanisms, of the “how” of the system.

Example:
Q - “How do red blood cells transport oxygen?”
Mechanistic A - Oxygen binds to hemoglobin molecules in the red blood cells.”

[Nothing about the significance of oxygen transport to animal]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Translational research

A

Uses the insights and results gained from basic biomedical research on mechanisms to develop treatments and strategies for preventing human diseases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Proteins

A

Large biomolecules and macromolecules that compromise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
Seven types:

  1. Enzymes
  2. Membrane transporters
  3. Signal molecules
  4. Receptors
  5. Binding proteins
  6. Immunoglobulins
  7. Regulatory proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mechanical properties

A

Compliance (ability to stretch), elastase (stiffness or ability to return to the unstretched state), strength, flexibility, and fluidity (viscosity).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Compartmentation

A

The division of space into separate compartments. Compartments allow a cell, tissue, or an organ to specialize and isolate functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Organelles

A

Small compartments within a cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function

A

Function of a physiological system or event is the “WHY”.

Example: Why does a certain response help an animal survive in a particular situation?
“What is the adaptive significance of this event or animal?”

17
Q

Cell-to-cell Communication

A

Information flow between cells using chemical signals, electric signals, or a combination of both

18
Q

Local Communication

A

Information flow from one cell to its neighbor.

19
Q

Long-distance Communication

A

Information flow from one part of the body to another.

20
Q

Homeostasis

A

Organisms that survive in challenging habitats coping with external variability by keeping their internal environment relatively stable.

Home- : similar
-stasis : condition

21
Q

Pathological Condition

A

When the body fails to maintain homeostasis, normal functionality is disrupted and a disease state may result.

[pathos : suffering]

22
Q

Pathophysiology

A

The study of body functions in a disease state.

23
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

Common pathological condition; a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally high blood glucose concentrations.

24
Q

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

A

For multicellular animals, it is the watery environment that surrounds the cells, a “sea within” the body.

25
Law of mass balance
If the amount of substance in the body is to remain constant, any gain must be offset by an equal loss. Mass balance = existing body load + intake or metabolic production - excretion or metabolic removal
26
Levels of organization
Atoms, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organisms, population of one species, ecosystem of different species, biosphere.