Vocabulary : Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Emergent Properties

A

Properties that cannot be predicted to exist based only on knowledge of the systems individual components.

Example: Among the most complex emergent properties in humans are emotions, intelligence, and other brain functions.

[None can be predicted from only knowledge of the individual properties of nerve cells.]

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2
Q

Proteomics

A

The study of proteins in living organisms.

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3
Q

Integrate

A

To bring varied elements together to create a unified whole.

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4
Q

Cells

A

Collection of molecules in living organisms.

[Smallest unit of structure capable of carrying out all life processes.]

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5
Q

Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)

A

Separates cells from their EXternal environment made of lipids and proteins creating a barrier.

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6
Q

Tissues

A

Collections of cells that carry out related functions.

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7
Q

Organs

A

Tissues form structural and functional units.

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8
Q

Organ System

A

Group of organs integrate their functions.

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9
Q

Teleological approach

A

Thinking about a physiological event in terms of its adaptive significance; the function of a physiological system or event is the “why”.

Example:
Q- “ Why do red blood cells transport oxygen?”
Teleological A - “Because cells need oxygen and red blood cells transport oxygen.”

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10
Q

Mechanistic approach

A

Studying physiological processes, or mechanisms, of the “how” of the system.

Example:
Q - “How do red blood cells transport oxygen?”
Mechanistic A - Oxygen binds to hemoglobin molecules in the red blood cells.”

[Nothing about the significance of oxygen transport to animal]

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11
Q

Translational research

A

Uses the insights and results gained from basic biomedical research on mechanisms to develop treatments and strategies for preventing human diseases.

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12
Q

Proteins

A

Large biomolecules and macromolecules that compromise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
Seven types:

  1. Enzymes
  2. Membrane transporters
  3. Signal molecules
  4. Receptors
  5. Binding proteins
  6. Immunoglobulins
  7. Regulatory proteins
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13
Q

Mechanical properties

A

Compliance (ability to stretch), elastase (stiffness or ability to return to the unstretched state), strength, flexibility, and fluidity (viscosity).

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14
Q

Compartmentation

A

The division of space into separate compartments. Compartments allow a cell, tissue, or an organ to specialize and isolate functions.

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15
Q

Organelles

A

Small compartments within a cell.

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16
Q

Function

A

Function of a physiological system or event is the “WHY”.

Example: Why does a certain response help an animal survive in a particular situation?
“What is the adaptive significance of this event or animal?”

17
Q

Cell-to-cell Communication

A

Information flow between cells using chemical signals, electric signals, or a combination of both

18
Q

Local Communication

A

Information flow from one cell to its neighbor.

19
Q

Long-distance Communication

A

Information flow from one part of the body to another.

20
Q

Homeostasis

A

Organisms that survive in challenging habitats coping with external variability by keeping their internal environment relatively stable.

Home- : similar
-stasis : condition

21
Q

Pathological Condition

A

When the body fails to maintain homeostasis, normal functionality is disrupted and a disease state may result.

[pathos : suffering]

22
Q

Pathophysiology

A

The study of body functions in a disease state.

23
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

Common pathological condition; a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally high blood glucose concentrations.

24
Q

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

A

For multicellular animals, it is the watery environment that surrounds the cells, a “sea within” the body.

25
Q

Law of mass balance

A

If the amount of substance in the body is to remain constant, any gain must be offset by an equal loss.

Mass balance = existing body load + intake or metabolic production - excretion or metabolic removal

26
Q

Levels of organization

A

Atoms, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organisms, population of one species, ecosystem of different species, biosphere.