Vocabulary Ch. 10

Question 1

Papyrus

Answer 1

What Egyptians wrote on, made from plant reeds found along the Nile River. They rolled these writings into scrolls

Question 2

Parchment

Answer 2

Treated animal skin: replaced papyrus in Europe –> stronger, smoother, more durable, and less expensive because it did not have to be imported from Egypt

Question 3

Codex

Answer 3

a type of book made of sheets of parchment and sewn together along the edge, then bound with thin pieces of wood and covered with leather

Question 4

Manuscript Culture

Answer 4

A period in which books were painstakingly lettered, decorated, and bound by hand. Priests and monks were considered the earliest professional editors (scribes)

Question 5

Illuminated manuscripts

Answer 5

Often made for churches or wealthy clients, these books featured decorative, colorful designs and illustrations on each page; during the middle ages: scribes established punctuation and grammar rules

Question 6

Block printing

Answer 6

a technique in which sheets of paper were applied to blocks of inked wood, their raised surfaces depicting hand-carved letters and illustrations (chinese printers)

Question 7

Printing press

Answer 7

Gutenberg used principles of movable type to develop a mechanical printing press, which he adapted from the design of wine presses

Question 8

Vellum

Answer 8

Printing press used vellum (calfskin-based parchment)

Question 9

Paperback books

Answer 9

Machine-made paper replaced more expensive handmade varities, cloth covers supplanted more expensive leather ones

Paperback books with cheaper paper covers helped make books more accessible to the masses

Question 10

Dime novels

Answer 10

Introduced by Erastus and Irwin in 1860 where books were sold for five or ten cents

Question 11

Pulp fiction

Answer 11

a reference to the cheap, machine-made pulp paper they were printed on

popular paperbacks and dime novels

Question 12

Linotype machines

Answer 12

enabled printers to save time by setting type mechanically using a typewriter-style keyboard, while the introduction of steam-powered and high-speed rotary presses permitted the production of more books at a lower cost

Question 13

Offset lithography

Answer 13

Allowed books to be printed from photographic plates rather than from metal casts, greatly reducing the cost of color and illustrations and accelerating book production

Question 14

Trade Books

Answer 14

included hardbound and paperback books aimed at general readers and sold at commercial retail outlets

trade books: adult trade books, juvenile books, comics and graphic novels

Question 15

Professional books

Answer 15

Counterpart to professional trade magazines; they target various occupational groups and are not intended for the general consumer market

Question 16

Textbooks

Answer 16

have served a nation intent on improving literacy rates and public education