Vocabulary and Terminology Chapter 6: Semantics Flashcards
Anti-Intersection Adjective
An adjective whose referents are not in the set refereed to by noun that it modifies
Antonym
A meaning relationship between words where their meanings are in some sense opposite
Complementary Antonym
Pair of antonyms such that everything must be described by the first word, the second word or neither; and such that saying of something that is not a member of the set denoted by the first word implicates that it is in the set denoted by the second word.
Compositional meaning
The meaning of a phrasal expression that is predictable from the meanings of smaller expressions it contains and how they are syntactically combined
Compositional Semantics
A subfield of semantics that studies the meanings of phrasal expressions and how those meanings arise given the meanings of the lexical expressions they contain and how they are syntactically combined
Converses
Antonyms in which the first word of the pair suggests a point of view opposite to that of the second word
Entailment
A relationship between propositions where a proposition p is said to entail another proposition q just in case if p is true, q has to be true as well.
Gradable antonyms
words that are antonyms and denote opposite ends of a scale.
Hyponymy
A meaning relationship between words where the reference of some word X is included in the reference of some other word Y.
Idiom
A multi-word lexical expression whose meaning is not compositional.
Incompatibility
The relationship between two propositions where it is impossible for both of them to be true simultaneously.
Intersective adjective
An adjective whose reference is determines independently from the reference of the noun that it modifies
lexical semantics
A subfield of semantics that studies meanings of lexical expressions
Mental image definition
a conception of a words sense as a picture in the mind of the language user that represents its meaning
mutual entailment
the relationship between two propositions where they entail one another
non-intersection adjective
An adjective whose reference is a subset of the subset of the set that the noun it modifies refers to, but does not, in and of itself, refer to any particular set of things
principle of compositionality
the notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meanings of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined
proposition
the sense expressed by a sentence. Characteristically, propositions can be true or false.
Prototype
For any given set, a member that exhibits that typical qualities of the members of that set
Pure intersection
the relationship between the reference of an adjective and a noun it modifies such that each picks out a particular group of things and the reference of the resulting phrase is all of the things that are in both the reference set of the adjective and the reference set of the noun.
Reference
A component of linguistic meaning that relates the sense of some expression to entities in the outside world.
Referent
An actual entity or an individual in the world to which some expression refers.
Semantics
The study of linguistic meaning.
Sense
A mental representation of an expressions meaning
