Vocabulary and Terminology Chapter 2 Flashcards
X-Ray photography
X-rays used in conjunction with sound film. The use of this technique can reveal the details of the functioning of the vocal apparatus. The entirety of how a sound is produced is revealed and can actually be seen as it happens.
Palatography
Experimental method that shows the contact between the tongue and the roof of the mouth. Can be static or dynamic.
Sound Spectrograph
Equipment that generates spectrograms from speech input
Impressionistic phonetic transcript
A method of writing down speech sounds with the intent of capturing how they are pronounced. Usually based simply on how sounds are perceived when heard without any special analysis.
phone
A speech sound; written in square brackets, for example, [t].
segments
The individual units of the speech stream; can be further subdivided into consonants and vowels.
suprasegmentals
A phonetic characteristic of speech sounds, such as length, intonation, tone, or stress, that “rides on top of” segmental features. Must usually be identified by comparison to the same feature on other sounds or strings of sounds.
syllable
A unit of speech, made up of an onset and a rhyme.
monosyllabic
Consisting of only one syllable
onset
In a syllable, any consonant(s) that occurs before the rhyme.
rhyme
In a syllable, the vowel and any consonants that follow it.
nucleus
The core element of a syllable, carrying stress, length, and pitch (tone). It usually consists of a vowel or a syllabic resonant.
monophthongs
A simple vowel, composed of a single configuration of the vocal organs.
diphthongs
A complex vowel, composed of a sequence of two different configurations of the vocal organs.
running speech (continuous speech)
The usual form of spoken language, with all the words and phrases run together, without pauses in between them.
Articulatory description
The description of the motion or positioning of the parts of the vocal tract that are responsible for the production of a speech sound.
Articulation
(also called articulatory gesture) The motion or positioning of some part of the vocal tract (often, but not always, a muscular part such as the tongue or lips) with respect to some other surface of the vocal tract in the production of a speech sound.
segmental features
A phonetic characteristic of speech sounds such as voicing, place of articulation, rounding, etc..
larynx
Cartilage and muscle located at the top of the trachea, containing the vocal folds and glottis; commonly referred to as the voice-box.
vocal tract
The entire air passage above the larynx consisting of the pharynx, oral cavity, and nasal cavity.
