Vocabulary

Question 1

Sumerian civilization rose more than 5,000years along along these rivers in what is today Iraq.

Answer 1

Tigris and Euphrates River

Question 2

the Tigris-Euphrates Valley lies in eastern end of here, an area that stretches in an arc from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea.

Answer 2

Fertile Crescent

Question 3

later, ancient Greeks called the Tigris-Euphrates Valley this, which means “between the rivers.”

Answer 3

Mesopotamia

Question 4

around 3300BC, the world’s first civilization developed in southeastern Mesopotamia, in a region called this.

Answer 4

Sumer

Question 5

control of the Tigris and Euphrates was key to the rise of civilization in Mesopotamia. From time to time, the rivers rose in terrifying floods that washed away topsoil and destroyed mud-brick villages. In ancient times, people told stories about Gligamesh. Eventually, these stories were collected into a long narrative poem called this. It describes a great flood that destroys the world.

Answer 5

Epic of Gilgamesh

Question 6

the largest buildings were this, pyramid- temples that soared toward the heavens. On top of each of these stood a shrine to a particular god or goddess. Each city had its own chief god or goddess, but it might have several ziggurats honoring other gods.

Answer 6

Ziggurats

Question 7

each Sumerian city-state had a distinct social __________, or system of ranking groups. The highest class included the ruling family, leading officials, and high priests. A small middle class was made up of scribes, merchants, and artisans. At the base of society were the majority of people, who were mostly peasant farmers. Some has their own land, but most worked to the king or to temples. Lastly there was slaves.

Answer 7

Hierarchy

Question 8

Sumerians has invented the earliest known writing, from the Latin word cunneus for “wedge” because scribes wrote by making wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets. Grew out of a system of Pictographs used to record goods brought to temple storehouses. Later, the Sumerians developed symbols to represent more complicated thoughts.

Answer 8

Cuneiform-

Question 9

the ruler of neighbor ping Akkid, invaded and conquered the city-states of Sumer. He built the first empire known to history.

Answer 9

Sargon

Question 10

king of Babylon, bought much of Mesopotamia under the control of his empire. He took steps to unite the large Babylonian empire, which included a variety of people’s with their own traditions. Perhaps his most lasting achievement was an area of law. To ensure unity, he published a remarkable set of laws, known as the Code of Hammurabi.

Answer 10

Hammurabi

Question 11

To ensure unity, he published a remarkable set of laws, known as the this. Hammurabi was not the author of the code that bears his name. Most of the laws had been around since Sumerian times. Hammurabi, however, wanted the people to know the legal principles his government would follow. So he had artisans carve some 282 laws on a stone pillar for all to see.

Answer 11

Code of Hammurabi-

Question 12

an arrange and set down in writing, all the laws that would govern a state.

Answer 12

Codify

Question 13

the Hammurabi code being split up into 2 parts. This part dealt with murder, assault, and theft. It was called this.

Answer 13

Criminal laws-

Question 14

the Hammurabi code was split up into 2 parts. This part of code dealt with the private rights and the matters such as business contracts, property inheritance, taxes, marriage, and divorce. It was called this.

Answer 14

Civil laws

Question 15

an aggressive and ruthless king, revived the power of Babylon. His new Babylonian empire stretched from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea. Oversaw the rebuilding of canals, temples, walls and palaces of Babylon. Near his main palace, he is said to have built the famous Hanging Gardens- known as one of the “seven wonders of the ancient world.”

Answer 15

Nebuchadnezzar

Question 16

Darius set us this, or a system of managing government through various bureaus or departments run by appointed officials.

Answer 16

Bureaucracy

Question 17

most people continued the part of this, or the exchange of one set of goods or services for another.

Answer 17

Barter economy-

Question 18

Coins, however, bought merchants and traders into an early form of this. People pay for goods and services by exchanging tokens of an agreed value, such as coins.

Answer 18

Money economy

Question 19

religious beliefs put forward by the Persian thinker, also helped to unite the empire

Answer 19

Zoroaster

Question 20

this, for example gained fame as sailors and traders. They occupied a string of cities along the eastern Mediterranean coast, in the area that today is Lebanon and Syria.

Answer 20

Phoenicians

Question 21

is a territory settled and rules by people from another land.

Answer 21

Colony

Question 22

is a system of writing that uses symbols to represent a single basic sound, such as a consonant or vowel.

Answer 22

Alphabets

Question 23

the briefs of the ancient _________, also called the ________ for the first three generations, differed in the basic ways from those of nearby people’s.

Answer 23

Israelites/Hebrews-

Question 24

the Israelites were this, believing that there was one only god. At the time, all of the other people’s worshiped many gods.

Answer 24

Monotheistic

Question 25

their most sacred text, tells the history of ancient Israelites and their continuing relationship with God. This also includes the first five books of the Hebrew Bible- the is, the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. The Hebrew Bible includes a total of 24 books. Additional laws, customs, legends, and ethics written down much later make up another important lengthy text, the Talmud, containing over 12,000 pages.

Answer 25

Torah

Question 26

is considered the father of the Israelites and their religion, Judaism. According to the Torah, he was born in near Ur in Mesopotamia, in present-day Iraq, moved to Haram in present day Syria about 2000BC. According to the Jewish belief, God called to him in Haran.

Answer 26

Abraham

Question 27

About 4,000 years ago, the ancient Israelites developed the religion of this, which became a defining feature of their culture.

Answer 27

Judaism

Question 28

The Bible says that Moses renewed the Israelites’ ________ with God.

Answer 28

Covenant

Question 29

an Israelite. Renewed God’s covenant with the Israelites. The the book of Exodus, he tells the Israelites that in return for faithful obedience to God, God will lead them out of bondage in Egypt and into the promised land.

Answer 29

Moses

Question 30

the Israelites society was this, meaning that the men held the greatest legal and moral authority. A family’s oldest male was the he’s dog the household, but women were respected and had more rights than women in many other ancient times. A few outstanding women, such as the judge and military leader Deborah and the prophetess Miriam won great honor.

Answer 30

Patriarchal

Question 31

often in Jewish history, spiritual leaders emerged to interpret God’s will. These _______, such as Isaiah and Jeremiah, reminded the Jewish people of their duties.

Answer 31

Prophets

Question 32

the prophets also taught a strong code of this, or the moral standards of behavior. They urged both personal morality and social justice, calling on the rich and powerful to protect the poor and weak.

Answer 32

Ethics

Question 33

the spreading out of Jewish people led them to this, some Jews were exiled, others moved to farther reaches of the empires that controlled their land, and yet others moved because of discontent with political rulers.

Answer 33

Diaspora

Question 34

upper Egypt stretched from the Nile’s first _______, or waterfall, of the Nile northward to within 100 miles of the Mediterranean Sea.

Answer 34

Cataract

Question 35

is a triangular area of marshland formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of some rivers.

Answer 35

Delta

Question 36

the king of Upper Egypt, united the two regions and set up his capital at Memphis near the Nile delta. Him and his successors used the Nile as a highway linking north and south. They could send officials or armies to towns along the river. The Nile thus helped make Egypt one of the world’s first unified states.

Answer 36

Menes

Question 37

during these periods, power passed this, or ruling family, to another, but Egypt generally remained united.

Answer 37

Dynasty

Question 38

during the Old Kingdom, Egyptian rulers, later called this, organized a strong, centralized state. They claimed divine support for their rule.

Answer 38

Pharaohs

Question 39

a pharaoh depended on this, or a chief minister, to supervise the government. They headed the bureaucracy, or the government departments, that looked after matters such as tax collection, farming, and the all-important irrigation system. Thousands of scribes carried out their instructions.

Answer 39

Vizier

Question 40

the Old Kingdom is sometimes called this because during this time, the Egyptians built the majestic pyramids that still stand at Giza, near present-day Cairo.

Answer 40

Pyramid Age-

Question 41

Hatshepsut’s stepson. He took over as pharaoh once he reached adulthood. A great military general, he stretched Egypt’s boarders to their greatest extent ever.

Answer 41

Thutmose III-

Question 42

later this pharaoh won fame for his military victories. For much of his long reign from 1279 B.C. to 1213 B.C., he pushed Egyptian control northward, again bringing Syria under Egyptian rule. On temples and monuments, he boasted of his conquests, although his greatest reported victory may not actually have taken place. In a battle against the Hitties of Asia Minor, only the desperate bravery of himself prevented a crushing defeat. Back home, however, he had inscriptions carved on a monument that made the near defeat sound like a stunning victory.

Answer 42

Ramses II

Question 43

to the south of Egypt, the kingdom of this had developed along the Nile. For centuries, Egyptians traded or fought with their southern neighbor. From this place, they acquired ivory, cattle, and slaves. During the new kingdom, Egypt armies conquered here. The pharaoh Ramses II, used gold from here to pay charioteers in his army. These people served in Egyptian armies and left their mark on Egyptian armies and Egyptian culture. Much Egyptian art of this period shows these soldiers, musicians, or prisoners. As Egypt declined, they regained their independence. Eventually adding Egypt to their lands.

Answer 43

Nubia

Question 44

in the sun drenched land of Egypt, the chief god what is the sun god _____. Pharaoh, who Egyptians viewed as God as well as king, what is closely linked to this person/God. Only the pharaoh could conduct certain ceremonies for the sun God. Like many Asian civilizations, Egypt was a type of theocracy, or a system of government in which of the ruler is a religious figure, such as a priest, or the rules in the name of God or a god. For Egyptians, the pharaoh had religious authority to rule.

Answer 44

Amon-Re

Question 45

most Egyptians related more easily to the god ____ and the goddess ____, whose story touched human emotions such as love, jealousy, and fear of death. An Egyptian myth how this person ruled Egypt until he was killed and carved up by his jealous brother, Set. ___, the wife of the god who was killed, finds the scattered parts of her husbands body and brings him back to life. Because he could no longer rule the land of the living , he became the god of dead and judge of souls seeking admission to the afterlife.

Answer 45

Osiris and Isis

Question 46

the brother who was jealous of Osiris and killed him.

Answer 46

Set

Question 47

to give a sole use of its body in the afterlife, Egyptian’s perfected scientific skills in this, the preservation of dead bodies but embalming them and wrapping them in cloth. At first, tu I’d was a privilege reserved for rulers and nobles.

Answer 47

Mummification

Question 48

in 1922, a British archeologist Howard Carter unearthed the tomb of the pharaoh ___________ which had remained almost untouched for more than 3,000 years. The tomb and its treasures have provided scholars a wealth of evidence about Egyptian civilization.

Answer 48

Tutankhamen

Question 49

the pharaoh who took this name that means “he who serves Aton”

Answer 49

Akhenaton

Question 50

ancient Egyptian developed an early form of picture writing

Answer 50

Hieroglyphics

Question 51

a plant that grows along the Nile.

Answer 51

Papyrus

Question 52

figure out the meaning of,

Answer 52

Decipher

Question 53

this flat, black stone has the same text carved into hieroglyphics, demotic script, and Greek.

Answer 53

Rosetta Stone

Question 54

is a mythical creature with the body of a lion and a human head.

Answer 54

Sphinx

Question 55

Egyptian stories retold in different forms by other people.

Answer 55

Tale of Sinuhe

Question 56

Egyptian rulers, later called pharaohs, organized a strong, centralized state.

Answer 56

The Old Kingdom

Question 57

a turbulent period. The Nile did not rise as regularly as it had in the past

Answer 57

Middle Kingdom

Question 58

powerful and ambitious pharaohs created a large empire, and Egyptian civilizations flourished

Answer 58

New Kingdom