Vocabulary Flashcards
Asexual reproduction
When a cell makes a new cell by mitosis.
Mitosis
When a cell makes an identical copy of itself by dividing.
Excretion
Take in the useful molecules, put out the useless molecules.
Ingestion
Taking things into an organism.
Photosynthesis
Making food from carbon dioxide and water using energy from the sun.
Specialised
Has a unique shape to do a unique job.
Organelle
A part of a cell that does a specific job.
Biuret
A chemical that turns purple when there is protein.
Protein
A big molecule that organisms are made of that performs many functions in cells.
Enzyme
A protein that does a chemical reaction.
Respiration
When an organism gets energy from food.
Anaerobic respiration
Respiration without oxygen.
Aerobic respiration
Respiration with oxygen.
Meiosis
Cell division producing gametes.
Pollination
When pollen is transferred to the stigma.
Pollen
Male gamete (sperm) of a plant.
Secretion
Taking out toxic chemicals a cell makes during its chemical reactions.
Auxin
Plant hormone that makes cells longer.
Offspring
New organisms made by reproduction.
Self-pollination
When a plant’s own pollen fertilizes its own ovule.
Petal
A part of a flower.
Cross-pollination
When one plant’s pollen travels (on the wind or by insects) and fertilizes a different plant’s ovule.
Nectary
The organ that produces nectar.
Nectar
A sweet, sugary solution that is tasty to insects.
Insect pollination
When an insect that pollinates plants by carrying pollen from one plant to other plants.
Wind pollination
When the wind pollinates plants by carrying pollen from one plant to other plants.
Seed
A fertilized ovule (embryo) of a plant inside a protective coat.
Protect
Keep safe from danger.
Fertilization
When a male gamete (sperm) cell meets a female gamete (ovum) to form an embryo (first stage of multicellular organism).
Embryo
Youngest, smallest organism that is formed when a male gamete (sperm) meets a female gamete (ovum).
Germination
When an organism grows from a seed.
Sexually-transmitted infection
An infection that is transmitted through body fluids (blood, sperm, saliva).
Fluid
Liquid.
Saliva
Liquid that comes from the mouth.
AIDS
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, a sexually transmitted infection that attacks the immune system.
Immunity
Organism’s protection against pathogens.
Immune system
Cells and processes that protect and organisms against pathogens.
Inheritance
Transmission of genetic information (DNA) from a parent to its offspring, which is why children look like their parents.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic
Gene
Part of a chromosome that has instructions for making a specific protein.
Chromosome
One molecule of DNA.
Allele
Version of a gene. Alleles make different versions of proteins that have the same function but have slightly different structures.
Diploid
Having two copies of every chromosome.
Haploid
Having only one copy of every chromosome.
Recessive
Needs to have both copies of an allele.
Recessive genotype
The genotype of an organism that has both copies of an allele.
Genotype
The specific alleles of a particular gene that an organism has.
Phenotype
The specific characteristics that an organism has.
DNA
Information-carrying molecule consisting of monomers of nucleotides, on which genes are located.
Gene
Section of DNA molecule that codes for a protein.
Polymer
A molecule made of a chain of monomers.
Monomer
A small molecule that makes a polymer.
Deoxyribose
The five-carbon sugar that is part of DNA
RNA
A molecule similar to DNA that helps make protein from DNA.
mRNA
DNA is copied into mRNA inside the nucleus.
tRNA
tRNA drops off amino acids to the ribosome to make proteins.
Ribosome
Makes proteins from the code stored in mRNA.
Transcription
When DNA is copied to mRNA in the nucleus.
Translation
When a ribosome makes a protein using the code on an mRNA molecule.
