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IGCSE Biology > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

When a cell makes a new cell by mitosis.

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2
Q

Mitosis

A

When a cell makes an identical copy of itself by dividing.

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3
Q

Excretion

A

Take in the useful molecules, put out the useless molecules.

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4
Q

Ingestion

A

Taking things into an organism.

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5
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Making food from carbon dioxide and water using energy from the sun.

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6
Q

Specialised

A

Has a unique shape to do a unique job.

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7
Q

Organelle

A

A part of a cell that does a specific job.

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8
Q

Biuret

A

A chemical that turns purple when there is protein.

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9
Q

Protein

A

A big molecule that organisms are made of that performs many functions in cells.

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10
Q

Enzyme

A

A protein that does a chemical reaction.

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11
Q

Respiration

A

When an organism gets energy from food.

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12
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

Respiration without oxygen.

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13
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

Respiration with oxygen.

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14
Q

Meiosis

A

Cell division producing gametes.

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15
Q

Pollination

A

When pollen is transferred to the stigma.

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16
Q

Pollen

A

Male gamete (sperm) of a plant.

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17
Q

Secretion

A

Taking out toxic chemicals a cell makes during its chemical reactions.

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18
Q

Auxin

A

Plant hormone that makes cells longer.

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19
Q

Offspring

A

New organisms made by reproduction.

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20
Q

Self-pollination

A

When a plant’s own pollen fertilizes its own ovule.

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21
Q

Petal

A

A part of a flower.

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22
Q

Cross-pollination

A

When one plant’s pollen travels (on the wind or by insects) and fertilizes a different plant’s ovule.

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23
Q

Nectary

A

The organ that produces nectar.

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24
Q

Nectar

A

A sweet, sugary solution that is tasty to insects.

25
Q

Insect pollination

A

When an insect that pollinates plants by carrying pollen from one plant to other plants.

26
Q

Wind pollination

A

When the wind pollinates plants by carrying pollen from one plant to other plants.

27
Q

Seed

A

A fertilized ovule (embryo) of a plant inside a protective coat.

28
Q

Protect

A

Keep safe from danger.

29
Q

Fertilization

A

When a male gamete (sperm) cell meets a female gamete (ovum) to form an embryo (first stage of multicellular organism).

30
Q

Embryo

A

Youngest, smallest organism that is formed when a male gamete (sperm) meets a female gamete (ovum).

31
Q

Germination

A

When an organism grows from a seed.

32
Q

Sexually-transmitted infection

A

An infection that is transmitted through body fluids (blood, sperm, saliva).

33
Q

Fluid

A

Liquid.

34
Q

Saliva

A

Liquid that comes from the mouth.

35
Q

AIDS

A

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, a sexually transmitted infection that attacks the immune system.

36
Q

Immunity

A

Organism’s protection against pathogens.

37
Q

Immune system

A

Cells and processes that protect and organisms against pathogens.

38
Q

Inheritance

A

Transmission of genetic information (DNA) from a parent to its offspring, which is why children look like their parents.

39
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic

40
Q

Gene

A

Part of a chromosome that has instructions for making a specific protein.

41
Q

Chromosome

A

One molecule of DNA.

42
Q

Allele

A

Version of a gene. Alleles make different versions of proteins that have the same function but have slightly different structures.

43
Q

Diploid

A

Having two copies of every chromosome.

44
Q

Haploid

A

Having only one copy of every chromosome.

45
Q

Recessive

A

Needs to have both copies of an allele.

46
Q

Recessive genotype

A

The genotype of an organism that has both copies of an allele.

47
Q

Genotype

A

The specific alleles of a particular gene that an organism has.

48
Q

Phenotype

A

The specific characteristics that an organism has.

49
Q

DNA

A

Information-carrying molecule consisting of monomers of nucleotides, on which genes are located.

50
Q

Gene

A

Section of DNA molecule that codes for a protein.

51
Q

Polymer

A

A molecule made of a chain of monomers.

52
Q

Monomer

A

A small molecule that makes a polymer.

53
Q

Deoxyribose

A

The five-carbon sugar that is part of DNA

54
Q

RNA

A

A molecule similar to DNA that helps make protein from DNA.

55
Q

mRNA

A

DNA is copied into mRNA inside the nucleus.

56
Q

tRNA

A

tRNA drops off amino acids to the ribosome to make proteins.

57
Q

Ribosome

A

Makes proteins from the code stored in mRNA.

58
Q

Transcription

A

When DNA is copied to mRNA in the nucleus.

59
Q

Translation

A

When a ribosome makes a protein using the code on an mRNA molecule.

IGCSE Biology (2 decks)

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