Vocabulary

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

Question 2

DNA and RNA

Answer 2

There are two differences that distinguish DNA from RNA: (a) RNA contains the sugar ribose, while DNA contains the slightly different sugar deoxyribose (a type of ribose that lacks one oxygen atom), and (b) RNA has the nucleobase uracil while DNA contains thymine.

Question 3

Lucy

Answer 3

She walked upright, smaller, shorter and wider pelvis, reduced canines and molars, protruding jaw
-discovered by Donald Johansen

Question 4

Complex Trait

Answer 4

-A trait that does not follow Mendelian Inheritance patterns, is likely derived from multiple genes and exhibits a large variety of phenotypes.

Question 5

Mosaic Evolution

Answer 5

-is the concept that evolutionary change takes place in somebody parts or systems without simultaneous changes in other parts. Another definition is the “evolution of characters at various rates both within and between species”.

Question 6

Endocasts

Answer 6

An endocast is the internal cast of a hollow object, often referring to the cranial vault in the study of brain development in humans and other organisms. Endocasts can be artificially made for examining the properties of a hollow, inaccessible space, or they may occur naturally through fossilization

Question 7

Hyoid

Answer 7

-Provides anchor for the tongue

Question 8

Punctuated Equilibrium

Answer 8

the hypothesis that evolutionary development is marked by isolated episodes of rapid speciation between long periods of little or no change.

Question 9

BMR

Answer 9

is an estimate of how many calories you’d burn if you were to do nothing but rest for 24 hours. It represents the minimum amount of energy needed to keep your body functioning, including breathing and keeping your heart beating.

Question 10

Australopithecine

Answer 10

he australopithecines occurred in the Plio-Pleistocene era and were bipedal, and they were dentally similar to humans, but with a brain size not much larger than that of modern apes, with lesser encephalization than in the genus Homo.[10] Humans (genus Homo) may have descended from australopithecine ancestors

Question 11

Stratigraphy

Answer 11

• the branch of geology concerned with the order and relative position of strata and their relationship to the geological time scale.
• the analysis of the order and position of layers of archaeological remains.
• the structure of a particular set of strata.

Question 12

Genus vs. Species

Answer 12

genus comes above species and below family

Question 13

Geomagnetism

Answer 13

the branch of geology concerned with the magnetic properties of the earth.

Question 14

Arcuate fasiculus

Answer 14

The arcuate fasciculus (Latin: curved bundle) is a bundle of axons that forms part of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, an association fiber tract. The arcuate bidirectionally connects caudal temporal cortex and inferior parietal cortex to locations in the frontal lobe.

Question 15

Lateralization

Answer 15

The lateralization of brain function is the tendency for some neural functions or cognitive processes to be specialized to one side of the brain or the other.

Question 16

Prosody

Answer 16

In linguistics, prosody is concerned with those elements of speech that are not individual phonetic segments (vowels and consonants) but are properties of syllables and larger units of speech

Question 17

Larynx

Answer 17

the hollow muscular organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords in humans and other mammals; the voice box.

Question 18

Encephalization quotient

Answer 18

a relative brain size measure that is defined as the ratio between actual brain mass and predicted brain mass for an animal of a given size, which may approximate intelligence level or cognition of the species.