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Dynamics of Heat Transfer/CC > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Heat Capacity

A

The amount of heat required to change the temperature of a substance.

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2
Q

Conductivity

A

The ability of a substance to conduct heat.

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3
Q

Thermal Diffusivity

A

Measure of the rate at which heat moves through a substance.

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4
Q

Density

A

The ratio of an objects weight to its volume.

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5
Q

Emission

A

Release of radiant energy from matter.

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6
Q

Absorption

A

The uptake of wave energy by matter, the transformation of electromagnetic energy into internal energy.

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7
Q

Reflectivity

A

Light absorbed/light reflected.

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8
Q

Fluids

A

Liquids and gases.

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9
Q

Viscosity

A

How much fluidity you have, how well something flows.

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10
Q

Natural Convection

A

Movement of fluids due to differences in density.

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11
Q

Nucleation Site

A

A site where phase change can occur. (I.E. cracks at the bottom of a pot, adding salt right before water boils, etc.)

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12
Q

Dry-Bulb Temperature

A

The set temperature of the oven, independent of surface moisture and humidity.

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13
Q

Wet-Bulb Temperature

A

The depression in surface temperature of foods due to evaporative cooling, never greater than dry-bulb temperature.

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14
Q

Latent Heat

A

The amount of energy needed to go into an object before it can reach the next phase.

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15
Q

Latent Heat of Vaporization

A

Heat energy water required to be absorbed before turning into steam.

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16
Q

Latent Heat of Fusion

A

Heat energy ice must absorb to be transformed into liquid water.

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17
Q

Exothermic Process

A

Releases energy, in the form of heat, from the system to the surrounding environment.

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18
Q

Glass

A

Removing water so quickly that they don’t have the chance to form crystals.

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19
Q

Volatility

A

The tendency of a substance to vaporize.

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20
Q

Vapor Pressure

A

Created when molecules start to evaporate, they create a pressure.

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21
Q

Evaporative Cooling

A

Escaped molecules taking energy and leaving behind a lower surface temperature.

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22
Q

Condensation

A

Molecules lose energy and transform into a liquid, goes wherever it lands. Then energy is transferred to that surface.

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23
Q

Steaming

A

Adding moisture and that moisture transferring heat to whatever it lands on.

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24
Q

Rheology

A

The study of fluid flow.

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25
Q

Flow

A

The movement of molecules from a high pressure to a low pressure.

26
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration.

27
Q

Shear Forces

A

During liquid flow, not all parts flow at the same speed, friction holds back while force moves the rest (ketchup example).

28
Q

Newtonian Fluids

A

Same viscosity, shear thinning and thickening does not occur (honey).

29
Q

Non-Newtonian Fluids

A

Viscosity changes with flow (ketchup).

30
Q

Viscoelastic

A

Materials that can be deformed but will also have some spring back (memory foam).

31
Q

Gels

A

Liquid trapped inside of a 3-D web, behaves like a solid.

32
Q

Semi-solid

A

Water trapped inside of a solid.

33
Q

Syneresis

A

“Weeping” of a liquid from a gel, occurs more quickly in foams.

34
Q

Foam

A

Gas dispersed in a solid or liquid, must have sufficient dispersion.

35
Q

Hardness

A

Maximum force required to break structure.

36
Q

Brittleness

A

Quick fracture of a material.

37
Q

Cohesiveness

A

Structure is maintained over multiple compressions, when adding force molecules are springy and stay close together.

38
Q

Plasticity

A

Solid version of viscosity, the ability to deform.

39
Q

Elasticity

A

The ability of an object or material to resume its normal shape after being stretched or compressed; stretchiness.

40
Q

Crystalline Solids

A

Have a high level of molecular order, formed by slow cooling.

41
Q

Amorphous Solids

A

Lack of molecular order, formed by quick cooling, getting rid of all liquids, total disorganization but it’s in a solid state.

42
Q

Rubbers

A

Transition state between liquid and glass.

43
Q

Glasses

A

Immobilized amorphous solids.

44
Q

Transition Temperatures

A

What point do you get enough decreased water to be considered a glass for a substance.

45
Q

Plasticizers

A

Components that inhibit glass formation, something that will trap water or not allow moisture out so it can’t get to a solid state.

46
Q

Gas

A

Widely separated phase of matter, fills volume completely, intermolecular forces do not matter much.

47
Q

Noble/Inert gases

A

Gases that don’t participate in reactions, grate for preservation.

48
Q

Dissolution

A

Gases can dissolve in liquids, better with liquids at a lower temperature (temperature, pressure = dissolution).

49
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of atoms or molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

50
Q

Optics

A

The interaction of light with matter.

51
Q

Reflection

A

Not getting absorbed. Light wave hits an object, reflects directly off of it at same angle that is came in at and you will get a mirror image. Angle will change this.

52
Q

Refracting

A

Reflecting but bending. As light comes in, it gets bent (spoon in water cup example where water is bending spoon).

53
Q

Light Scattering

A

“Diffuse reflection”. On a smooth surface, colors are reflected the way they go in. On a bumpy surface, comes in, broken apart and then goes out and you view whatever made it out.

54
Q

Clarity

A

How clear something is.

55
Q

Turbidity

A

How cloudy something is.

56
Q

Translucency

A

How much light makes its way through something.

57
Q

Opacity

A

How little light passes through.

58
Q

Pigments

A

Proteins that have specific colors because they absorb wavelengths selectively.

59
Q

Hue

A

How dark something is.

60
Q

Saturation

A

How intense something is.

Dynamics of Heat Transfer/CC (5 decks)

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