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Dynamics of Heat Transfer/CC > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Heat Capacity

A

The amount of heat required to change the temperature of a substance.

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2
Q

Conductivity

A

The ability of a substance to conduct heat.

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3
Q

Thermal Diffusivity

A

Measure of the rate at which heat moves through a substance.

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4
Q

Density

A

The ratio of an objects weight to its volume.

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5
Q

Emission

A

Release of radiant energy from matter.

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6
Q

Absorption

A

The uptake of wave energy by matter, the transformation of electromagnetic energy into internal energy.

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7
Q

Reflectivity

A

Light absorbed/light reflected.

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8
Q

Fluids

A

Liquids and gases.

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9
Q

Viscosity

A

How much fluidity you have, how well something flows.

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10
Q

Natural Convection

A

Movement of fluids due to differences in density.

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11
Q

Nucleation Site

A

A site where phase change can occur. (I.E. cracks at the bottom of a pot, adding salt right before water boils, etc.)

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12
Q

Dry-Bulb Temperature

A

The set temperature of the oven, independent of surface moisture and humidity.

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13
Q

Wet-Bulb Temperature

A

The depression in surface temperature of foods due to evaporative cooling, never greater than dry-bulb temperature.

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14
Q

Latent Heat

A

The amount of energy needed to go into an object before it can reach the next phase.

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15
Q

Latent Heat of Vaporization

A

Heat energy water required to be absorbed before turning into steam.

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16
Q

Latent Heat of Fusion

A

Heat energy ice must absorb to be transformed into liquid water.

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17
Q

Exothermic Process

A

Releases energy, in the form of heat, from the system to the surrounding environment.

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18
Q

Glass

A

Removing water so quickly that they don’t have the chance to form crystals.

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19
Q

Volatility

A

The tendency of a substance to vaporize.

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20
Q

Vapor Pressure

A

Created when molecules start to evaporate, they create a pressure.

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21
Q

Evaporative Cooling

A

Escaped molecules taking energy and leaving behind a lower surface temperature.

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22
Q

Condensation

A

Molecules lose energy and transform into a liquid, goes wherever it lands. Then energy is transferred to that surface.

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23
Q

Steaming

A

Adding moisture and that moisture transferring heat to whatever it lands on.

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24
Q

Rheology

A

The study of fluid flow.

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25
Flow
The movement of molecules from a high pressure to a low pressure.
26
Diffusion
The movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration.
27
Shear Forces
During liquid flow, not all parts flow at the same speed, friction holds back while force moves the rest (ketchup example).
28
Newtonian Fluids
Same viscosity, shear thinning and thickening does not occur (honey).
29
Non-Newtonian Fluids
Viscosity changes with flow (ketchup).
30
Viscoelastic
Materials that can be deformed but will also have some spring back (memory foam).
31
Gels
Liquid trapped inside of a 3-D web, behaves like a solid.
32
Semi-solid
Water trapped inside of a solid.
33
Syneresis
"Weeping" of a liquid from a gel, occurs more quickly in foams.
34
Foam
Gas dispersed in a solid or liquid, must have sufficient dispersion.
35
Hardness
Maximum force required to break structure.
36
Brittleness
Quick fracture of a material.
37
Cohesiveness
Structure is maintained over multiple compressions, when adding force molecules are springy and stay close together.
38
Plasticity
Solid version of viscosity, the ability to deform.
39
Elasticity
The ability of an object or material to resume its normal shape after being stretched or compressed; stretchiness.
40
Crystalline Solids
Have a high level of molecular order, formed by slow cooling.
41
Amorphous Solids
Lack of molecular order, formed by quick cooling, getting rid of all liquids, total disorganization but it's in a solid state.
42
Rubbers
Transition state between liquid and glass.
43
Glasses
Immobilized amorphous solids.
44
Transition Temperatures
What point do you get enough decreased water to be considered a glass for a substance.
45
Plasticizers
Components that inhibit glass formation, something that will trap water or not allow moisture out so it can't get to a solid state.
46
Gas
Widely separated phase of matter, fills volume completely, intermolecular forces do not matter much.
47
Noble/Inert gases
Gases that don't participate in reactions, grate for preservation.
48
Dissolution
Gases can dissolve in liquids, better with liquids at a lower temperature (temperature, pressure = dissolution).
49
Diffusion
The movement of atoms or molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
50
Optics
The interaction of light with matter.
51
Reflection
Not getting absorbed. Light wave hits an object, reflects directly off of it at same angle that is came in at and you will get a mirror image. Angle will change this.
52
Refracting
Reflecting but bending. As light comes in, it gets bent (spoon in water cup example where water is bending spoon).
53
Light Scattering
"Diffuse reflection". On a smooth surface, colors are reflected the way they go in. On a bumpy surface, comes in, broken apart and then goes out and you view whatever made it out.
54
Clarity
How clear something is.
55
Turbidity
How cloudy something is.
56
Translucency
How much light makes its way through something.
57
Opacity
How little light passes through.
58
Pigments
Proteins that have specific colors because they absorb wavelengths selectively.
59
Hue
How dark something is.
60
Saturation
How intense something is.

Dynamics of Heat Transfer/CC (5 decks)

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