Vocabulary

Question 1

Social Darwinism

Answer 1

Comes from Darwin’s theory of natural selection the belief that society should do little as possible to interfere with people’s pursuit of success.

Question 2

Laissez Faire Economics

Answer 2

Doctrine stating that government government should not interfere in private business.

Question 3

Monopoly

Answer 3

Complete control of a product or service

Question 4

Trust

Answer 4

A group of separate companies that are placed under the control of a single managing board.

Question 5

Unions

Answer 5

A group of workers who organize in order to express demands to employees.

Question 6

Strike

Answer 6

A work stoppage intended to force an employer to meet certain demands, as in the demand for higher wages.

Question 7

Vertical Consolidation

Answer 7

Process of gaining control of many different businesses that make up all phases of a product’s development.

Question 8

Horizontal Consolidation

Answer 8

Process of bringing together many firms in the same business to form one large company

Question 9

Collective Bargaining

Answer 9

Process in which workers negotiate as a group with enployees

Question 10

Socialism

Answer 10

An economic and political philosophy that favors public (or social) instead of private control of property and income.

Question 11

Spoils System

Answer 11

Occurs when elected officials appoint friends, family, and supporters to jobs, regardless of their qualifications.

Question 12

Civil Service

Answer 12

The governments’ non-elected workers

Question 13

Restrictive Covenant

Answer 13

Agreement among home owners not to sell real estate to certain groups of people, such as Jews or African Americans.

Question 14

Political Machine

Answer 14

An unofficial city or organization designed to keep a particular party or group in power and usually headed by a single, powerful boss.

Question 15

Nativism

Answer 15

A policy of favoring native born Americans over immigrants.

Question 16

Assimilation

Answer 16

Process by which people of one culture emerge into and become part of another culture.

Question 17

Yellow Journalism

Answer 17

Sensational news coverage, emphasizing crime and scandal.

Question 18

Grandfather Clause

Answer 18

Passage in a law that exempts a group of people from obeying the law if they had met certain conditions before the law was passed

Question 19

Segregation

Answer 19

~forced separation, often by race

Question 20

Civil Rights

Answer 20

~citizen’s personal liberties guaranteed by law, such as voting rights and equal treatment

Question 21

Muck Rakers

Answer 21

~journalist who uncovers wrong doing in politics or business

Question 22

Injunction

Answer 22

~court order prohibiting a certain activity

Question 23

Social Welfare Program

Answer 23

~program designed to ensure a basic standard of living for all citizens

Question 24

Direct Primary

Answer 24

~election in which all citizens can put a proposed new law directly on the ballot in the next election by collecting voters’ signatures on petition

Question 25

Patent

Answer 25

A license that gives an inventor the exclusive right to make, use, or sell an invention for a period of time.

Question 26

Initiative

Answer 26

~a process in which citizens can put a proposed new law directly on the ballot in the next election by collecting voters signature’s on a petition

Question 27

Referendum

Answer 27

Process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passed by their legislature

Question 28

Recall

Answer 28

Procedure that permits voters to remove public officials from office before the next election

Question 29

Civil disobedience

Answer 29

Nonviolent refusal to obey a law in an effort to change that law

Question 30

Suffrage

Answer 30

The right to vote