vocabulary Flashcards
abacus
frame with balls for calculating
abate
to lessen to subside
abdication
giving up control authority
aberration
straying away from what is normal
abet
help/encourage smb (in doing wrong)
abeyance
suspended action
abhor
to hate to detest
abide
be faithful to endure
abjure
promise or swear to give up
abraded
rubbed off worn away by friction
abrogate
repeal or annul by authority
abscond
to go away suddenly (to avoid arrest)
abstruse
difficult to comprehend obscure
abut
border on
abysmal
bottomless extreme
acarpous
effete no longer fertile worn out
acclaimed
welcomed with shouts and approval
accolade
praise approval
accretion
the growing of separate things into one
adamant
kind of stone inflexible
admonitory
containing warning
adorn
add beauty decorate
adulteration
making unpure poorer in quality
affable
polite and friendly
affinity
close connection relationship
aggravate
make worse irritate
agile
active quick-moving
agog
eager/excited
ail
trouble be ill
alacrity
eager and cheerful readiness
alcove
recess/partially enclosed place
allegiance
duty support loyalty
alleviate
make (pain) easier to bear
alloy
to debase by mixing with something inferior
aloof
reserved indifferent
amalgamate
mix combine unite societies
ambidextrous
able to use the left hand or the right equally well
ambiguous
doubtful uncertain
ambivalent
having both of two contrary meanings
ameliorate
improve make better
amortize
end (a debt) by setting aside money
anguish
severe suffering
animosity
strong dislike
antidote
medicine used against a poison or a disease
antithetical
direct opposing
apartheid
brutal racial discrimination
aplomb
self-confidence
apostate
one who abandons long-held religious or political convictions
apotheosis
deification glorification to godliness
appease
make quiet or calm
approbation
approval
apropos
appropriate to the situation apt
apt
well-suited quick-witted
arabesque
a complex ornate design
arboreal
of connected with trees
ardor
enthusiasm
arduous
steep difficult ascent laborious
argot
jargon slang
arrant
in the highest degree
arrogance
proud superior manner of behaviour
ascetic
practicing self-denial austere stark
apprise
give notice to inform
articulate
speak distinctly connect by joints
ascribe
consider to be the origin of or belonging to
ascertain
get to know
aseptic
surgically clean
asperity
roughness harshness ill temper irritability
aspersion
slander
assail
with attack violently
assiduous
diligent hard-working sedulous
assuage
make smth (pain desire) less
asterisk
the mark * (e.g.. omitted letters)
astringent
substance that shrinks
astute
clever quick at seeing to get an advantage
atonement
repayment death of Jesus
attenuate
make thin. weaken enervate
attune
bring into harmony
audacious
daring foolishly bold impudent
augury
omen sign
august
majestic venerable
aversion
strong dislike
apprehensive
grasping understanding fear unhappy feeling about future
auspicious
favorable successful prosperous
austere
severely moral and strict simple and plain
auxiliary
helping supporting
avid
eager greedy
avow
admit. Declare openly
aver
affirm assert prove justify
ascend
go or come up
baleful
harmful ominous causing evil
balk
obstacle purposely to get on the way of
baneful
causing harm or ruin pernicious destructive
barrage
artificial obstacle built across a river
barren
not good enough unable to have young ones without value
bask
in enjoy warmth and light
beatify
to bless make happy or ascribe a virtue to
bedizen
to adorn especially in a cheap showy manner
belabor
beat hard
bellicose
belligerent pugnacious warlike
belligerent
(person nation) waging war
benefactor
person who has given help
benevolence
wish or activity in doing good
benign
kind and gentle mild (climate)
bequest
arrangement to give smth at death
berate
scold sharply
bereft
rob or dispossess of smth (material)
bewilder
puzzle confuse
bigot
stubborn narrow-minded person
bilge
bulge the protuberance of a cask
blandishment
flattery coaxing
blandness
polite manner comforting uninteresting
blatant
noisy and rough
blithe
cheerful casual carefree
bogus
sham counterfeit not genuine
boisterous
loud noisy rough lacking restraint
bolster
give greatly needed support
boorish
crude offensive rude
brash
hasty rush cheeky saucy
brass
yellow metal (mixing copper and zinc)
brazen
made of brass
breach
opening broken place breaking
brittle
easily broken
broach
bring up announce begin to talk about
brook
to tolerate endure
buoyant
able to float light-hearted
burgeon
grow forth send out buds
burnish
to polish rub to a shine
cabal
a scheme or plot a group of plotters
cadge
to beg to get by begging
cajole
use flattery or deceit to persuade
calipers
metal supports attached to the legs measuring instrument
calumny
slander aspersion
candid
frank straight-forward
cant
insincere talk/jargon
cantankerous
bad-tempered/quarrelsome
canvass
discuss thoroughly sort of touting
castigate
to chastise correct by punishing
castigation
severe punishment
catalyst
substance that causes speeding up
caustic
biting sarcastic
censure
expression of blame or disapproval a rebuke
centurion
leader of a unit of 100 soldiers
chary
cautious wary
chastened
corrected punished
chastisement
punishment
chauvinist
a blindly devoted patriot
chicanery
legal trickery/false argument
chisel
steel tool for shaping materials
churl
bad-tempered person
clamor
shout complain with a lot of noise
clientele
customers
clinch
come to grips/settle conclusively
cling
to resist separation
clot
half-solid lump formed from liquid
cloture
closing device (in Parliament) to end a debate by voting
coagulation
change to a thick and solid state
coalescing
coming together and uniting into one substance
coax
get smb to do smth by kindness
coda
passage that completes a piece of music
coddle
treat with care and tenderness
coerce
compel to force to make obedient
coeval
of the same period coexisting
cogent
strong convincing
cogitate
think deeply mediate
cognizant
being fully aware of
colander
bowl-shaped vessel with many holes used to drain off water
collusion
secret agreement for a deceitful purpose
combustion
process of burning
commemorate
keep the memory of
commodious
having plenty of space for what is needed
commuter
person who travels regularly
complaisance
tending to comply obliging willingness to please
compunction
feeling of regret for one’s action
conceal
hide keep secret
conceit
over-high opinion of too much pride
conciliatory
reconciling soothing comforting mollifying
concord
agreement or harmony
concur
agree in opinion happen together
condense
increase in density strength make laconic
condone
forgive
congeal
make or become stiff and solid
conjoin
to join together
connoisseur
a person with good judgement (e.g.. in art)
connotation
suggestion in addition to
consequential
pompous self important
console
give comfort or sympathy to
conspicuous
easily seen remarkable
consternation
surprise and fear dismay
constrain
compel
constrict
make tight or smaller
consume
get to the end of
consummate
perfect/make perfect/complete
contemn
to scorn or despise
contentious
argumentative pugnacious combative quarrelsome
contiguous
touching neighboring near
contrite
filled with deep sorrow for wrongdoing
contumacious
insubordinate rebellious
conundrum
a riddle dilemma enigma
conviction
convincing firm belief
convoke
call together summon