vocabulary

Question 1

Coronal consonant

Answer 1

Consonants articulated with the flexible front part of the tongue. Either apical, laminal, domed, or subapical.

Question 2

retroflex consonant

Answer 2

A coronal consonant where the tongue has a flat, concave, or even curled shape, and is articulated between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate. Indicated by a hook in the bottom right:

ʂ ʐ ʈ ɖ ɳ ɭ ɽ ɻ

Question 3

apical

Answer 3

tip of the tongue

Question 4

laminal

Answer 4

blade of the tongue

Question 5

subapical

Answer 5

underside of the tongue

Question 6

alveolar

Answer 6

tongue contacts the alveolar ridge

Question 7

postalveolar

Answer 7

tongue contacts behind the alveolar ridge

Question 8

palatal

Answer 8

tongue contacts the hard palate

Question 9

fricative

Answer 9

consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together

s z ʃ ʒ

Question 10

affricate

Answer 10

Consonants that begin as stops (most often an alveolar, such as [t] or [d]) but release as a fricative (such as [s] or [z] or occasionally into a fricative trill) rather than directly into the following vowel

ch j

Question 11

stop

Answer 11

A consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases.

t d k p b

Question 12

nasal

Answer 12

An occlusive consonant produced with a lowered velum, allowing air to escape freely through the nose.

nose mouth

Question 13

lateral

Answer 13

An L-like consonant, in which airstream proceeds along the sides of the tongue, but is blocked by the tongue from going through the middle of the mouth.

lady (clear l)

bold (dark l)

Question 14

rhotic

Answer 14

Liquid consonants that are traditionally represented orthographically by symbols derived from theGreek letter rho, including 〈R〉, 〈r〉 in the Latin script and 〈Р〉, 〈p〉 in the Cyrillic script. They are transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet by upper- or lower-case variants of Roman 〈R〉, 〈r〉: r, ɾ, ɹ, ɻ, ʀ, ʁ, ɽ, and ɺ

(R-like sounds. It’s… Just go with that.

R-like sounds.)

Question 15

uvular consonants

Answer 15

Consonants articulated with the back of the tongue against or near the uvula, that is, further back in the mouth than velar consonants.

French Paris

(none in English)

Question 16

diacritical marks

Answer 16

An additional mark which may appear above or below a letter, or in some other position such as within the letter or between two letters.

Includes grave ( ` ) and acute ( ´ ) accents, cedilla ( ¸ ), circumflex ( ˆ ), diaeresis, umlaut( ¨ ), among others.