notation and marks

Question 1

[]

Answer 1

Used with phonetic notations, possibly including details of the pronunciation that may not be used for distinguishing words in the language being transcribed, but which the author nonetheless wishes to document.

Question 2

/ /

Answer 2

Used for phonemic notations, which note only features that are distinctive in the language, without any extraneous detail.

Question 3

〈 〉

Answer 3

Angle brackets are used to clarify that the letters represent the original orthography of the language, or sometimes an exact transliteration of a non-Latin script, not the IPA; or, within the IPA, that the letters themselves are indicated, not the sound values that they carry.

Question 4

{ }

Answer 4

Used for prosodic notation, e.g. rhythm, stress, and intonation of speech, things not indicated by grammar or choice of vocabulary.