vocabulary Flashcards
Floodplain
area of land adjacent to stream or river that stretches from the banks of its channel to a certain level that experiences flooding during periods of high discharge.
Floodway
the stream channel and adjacent areas that actively carry flood flows downstream
Flood Stage
the water level in which sufficient inundation to areas is reached that threatens lives, property, commerce, or travel.
Programming
defines the projects objectives and functional requirements, including the proposed activities, area allocated for each activity, and functional or spatial relationships between those activities.
Exactions
payments made to either the local or county government to mitigate development impacts. Could be impact fees, or dedications of land for public uses depending on government.
How accurate are contours considered to be on a topographic survey?
vertical accuracy per the US National Map Accuracy Standards is one half the contour interval.
what are common street classifications
arterial, collector, and local
how do arid and barren surfaces affect temperature changes?
arid and barren surfaces permit the greatest temperature changes
Ericaceous plants
Ericaceous plants belong to the plant family Ericaceae; their key characteristic is the need for acidic soil. This term can also be used to describe any plant that likes acidic soil.
Boreal Forest
(or Taiga) vegetation composed primarily of cone bearing, needle leaved, or scale-leaved evergreen trees in regions with long winters and moderate to high annual precipitation.
Hemlock-Hardwood Forest
pine and hemlock are predominant, but this type of forest has a mix of other trees like beech, oak, maple, ash, etc.
Tropical Rainforest
hot and moist, located near equator, one of the most diverse areas of the world with plant and animal species
Temperate Rainforest
mild climate (temperate), has two seasons: one is long and wet with temperatures rarely dropping below freezing, the other is short and dry with temperatures rarely exceeding 80.
Eastern Deciduous Forest / Carolinian Forest (Canadian term)
primarily deciduous or broad leafed trees
Estuary
partially enclosed body of water along the coast where fresh and salt water mix. Most productive environment on earth, and support unique plant and animal communities.
Savanna
grassland ecosystem with trees widely spaced, located frequently in transitional zones between forest and desert or grassland.
Watershed
an area of land where surface water converges to a single point at a lower elevation, usually the exit of the basin, where the water joins another waterbody such as a river, lake, or ocean.
What do anaerobic bacteria do and produce?
Anaerobic bacteria break down nutrients and produce carbon dioxide, methane, and ammonia gasses
Variety (in relation to plants)
group of plants found in nature that are so different from the species that they warrant further classification
Cultivar
single plant or group of genetically identical plants that have been cultivated or domesticated by humans to maintain specific characteristics
Angle of Repose
maximum angle to which a material can be piled before slope failure
Angle of Deflection
degree to which a structural element is displaced under a load
Aspect
Direction in which a slope faces
Solar Altitude
describes the angle of the sun 90 degrees or less above the horizon
Solar Azimuth
Describes which direction the sun is, relating to east and west.
Insolation
(INcoming SOLar radiATION) measure of solar radiation energy received on a given surface at a specific time
Geomorphology
the study of landforms and the process that shapes them