Vocabulary

Question 0

amino acid

Answer 0

subunits or monomers of a protein

• created during translation

Question 1

adenine

Answer 1

a nucleotide whose complementary base pair is:

thymine (DNA)

uracil (RNA)

Question 2

anticodon

Answer 2

a group of three bases in a tRNA molecule

Question 3

codon

Answer 3

a group of three bases in an mRNA molecule

• code for a specific amino acid

Question 4

cytosine

Answer 4

a nucleotide whose complementary base pair is always guanine

Question 5

deletion mutation

Answer 5

a frameshift mutation where a nucleotide is deleted from the sequence

Question 6

DNA Replication

-process

Answer 6

• DNA helicase unwinds DNA
  • breaks hydrogen bonds between bases
• DNA polymerase adds nucleotides according to base pairing rules
• process continues -> 2 strands of identical DNA

Question 7

DNA Polymerase

Answer 7

adds nucleotides according to base pairing rules

Question 8

exon

Answer 8

the coding region the creates a new mRNA

Question 9

frameshift mutation

Answer 9

a mutation where a nucleotide is deleted or inserted into the sequence

Question 10

gene

Answer 10

a hereditary unit that codes for proteins

Question 11

guanine

Answer 11

a nucleotide that always pairs with cytosine

Question 12

helicase

Answer 12

an enzyme that unwinds the DNA in DNA replication

Question 13

insertion mutation

Answer 13

when a nucleotide is inserted into an amino acid sequence

Question 14

intron

Answer 14

the non-coding region for mRNA

• introns are cut out of pre-mRNA

Question 15

mRNA

Answer 15

stands for messenger RNA

• delivers information from DNA to ribosomes so they can make proteins

Question 16

peptide bond

Answer 16

bonds that hold amino acids together

Question 17

point mutation

Answer 17

when only one nucleotide is affected (in this case, replaced) in the sequence

Question 18

promoter

Answer 18

a section of DNA with a base sequence that signals the start of a gene

Question 19

purine

Answer 19

consists of adenine and guanine

- longer than pyrimidines

Question 20

pyrimidine

Answer 20

consists of thymine and cytosine

- shorter than purines

Question 21

ribosome

Answer 21

where mRNA brings the information in order to make proteins

Question 22

RNA Polymerase

Answer 22

an enzyme that binds complementary nucleotides to a specific place on the DNA molecule

Question 23

rRNA

Answer 23

molecule that helps protein synthesizing in the ribosome

- helps translate info on mRNA

Question 24

thymine

Answer 24

a nucleotide that always pairs with adenine

Question 25

transcription

Answer 25

the process of making an mRNA strand (location: nucleus)

• RNA Polymerase binds to DNA molecule and unwinds it
• attaches complementary RNA nucleotides until it reaches the stop signal

Question 26

translation

Answer 26

instructions in mRNA are used to build a protein

location: cytoplasm

Question 27

tRNA

Answer 27

transfer RNA

takes info from mRNA and transfers to amino acids

Question 28

triplet

Answer 28

a group of three bases in a DNA molecule

Question 29

uracil

Answer 29

the nucleotide that takes the place of thymine in RNA

Question 30

Okazaki fragments

Answer 30

short, newly synthesized fragments that are formed on the lagging strand in DNA replication

Question 31

operator

Answer 31

a segment of DNA to which a transcription factor protein binds

Question 32

operon

Answer 32

a group of genes (segment of DNA) that functions as a single transcription unit

Question 33

PCR

Answer 33

a fast technique used to copy small segments of DNA