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Plum Point Power Plant > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Voltage

A

“Electric Potential”
The strength of an electric field ready to do work.
Like pressure for electricity.

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2
Q

Current

A

Measured in Amps
The rate of flow of electrons through a conductor

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3
Q

Magnetic field

A

Loops that form around an electric current that push or pull other magnetic fields

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4
Q

Magnetic Flux

A

Rate that a magnetic field cuts across a conductor

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5
Q

Combustion

A

Chemical reaction between fuel and oxygen that releases heat.

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6
Q

Saturated Steam

A

Water/Steam at a state change equilibrium. It is at the boiling point for its current pressure. If any heat is added water turns to steam. If any heat is removed steam turns to water.

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7
Q

Carry-Over

A

Water droplets that are transported by steam flow

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8
Q

Water Hammer

A

Mechanical stress caused by water introduced too fast to an empty pipe system.

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9
Q

Cavitation

A

When fluid pressure locally drops below vapor pressure causing bubbles which can damage equipment. Typically an issue at a pump impeller.

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10
Q

NPSH

A

Net Positive Suction Head
A measure of temperature and pressure at the suction of a pump which ensures a margin to protect from cavitation.

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11
Q

Extractions

A

Scoops built into turbine to take part of the steam that has already done work in the turbine and direct it to the feedwater heaters

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12
Q

Cold End Metal temperature

A

Calculated average temperature for the cold end (bottom) (flue gas outlet/PA and FD inlet)

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13
Q

Differential Pressure
(DP)

A

The difference between the inlet and outlet pressure on a piece of equipment.
High DP across a filter or heat exchanger indicates that it is fouled/clogged

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14
Q

pH

A

A measure from 1-14 of how acidic or caustic a substance is.
1 is most acidic
14 is most caustic
7 is neutral

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15
Q

ion

A

An element or compound that has become charged. (Gained or lost electrons)
Often dissolved in water.

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16
Q

Cation

A

A positive changed ion

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17
Q

Anion

A

Negative charged ions

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18
Q

Turbidity

A

Measure of the cloudiness of water

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19
Q

Conductivity

A

Measure of how well a substance conducts electricity.
In chemistry: a measure of how many ions are dissolved in the water.

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20
Q

“Cation conductivity”

A

Measure of conductivity after running through a cation resin that removes +ions and replaces them with H+ ions.

This effectively cancels out the conductivity caused by using NH3 for pH control

21
Q

TWIP

A

Turbine Water Indction Protection

System to protect the turbine from water coming back from the extractions

22
Q

Superheat

A

Steam that is heated above the saturation temperature.

23
Q

Excitation

A

Use of a direct current in a coil of wire to create a magnetic field
(in the rotor of the generator)

24
Q

kpph

A

Thousand Pounds Per Hour
“K-Pounds”
Unit of flow equivalent to 2gal/min

“Mass flow” (vs volume flow) must be used in steam systems due to compressibility of gasses.

25
Q

CEMS

A

Continuous Emissions Monitoring Sustem

26
Q

ACV

A

Air operated Control Valve

27
Q

ABV

A

Air operated Block Valve

28
Q

MBV

A

Motor operated Block Valve

29
Q

MCV

A

Motor operated Control Valve

30
Q

3 methods of heat transfer

A

Conduction (direct contact)
Convection (flowing contact)
Radiation (shining)

31
Q

CO2

A

Carbon Dioxide
The desired product of coal combustion.
(Also used to displace oxygen in fire fighting)

32
Q

O2

A

Oxygen

33
Q

Excess Oxygen

A

The percentage of oxygen that remains in the flue gas after combustion is completed.

34
Q

CO

A

Carbon Monoxide.
Poisonous byproduct of incomplete combustion due to insufficient oxygen.

35
Q

BTU

A

British Thermal Unit
The amount of energy required to raise 1 pound of water 1 degree Fahrenheit

36
Q

psia vs psig

A

psi = pounds per square inch
psi(gauge) uses atmospheric pressure as the zero reference.
psi(absolute) uses a perfect vacuum as the zero reference.

37
Q

“Flash to steam”

A

Conversion of water to steam by lowering pressure instead of adding heat.

When pressurized water at high temperatures is released to a lower pressure environment such that the saturation temperature in the new environment is lower than the temperature of the water.

38
Q

Latent heat of vaporization.

A

The amount of heat energy required to convert a pound of water into steam at a given pressure.
When a system is at saturation adding heat will not raise the temperature, but rather be absorbed in the state change.

39
Q

P&ID

A

Piping and Instrumentation Diagram

40
Q

MFT

A

Master Fuel Trip
Trips both PA fans and shuts Trip valve (SGE-132) to isolate fuel oil from the burners

41
Q

Heat Exchanger

A

A system used to transfer heat between 2 fluids. Can be used as a heater or a cooler.

42
Q

Transformer

A

System where AC voltage is applied to a primary coil of wire. The magnetic flux from the primary coil causes a voltage in a secondary coil.
By using different numbers of windings in each coil you can step up or down the voltage.

43
Q

Inverter

A

Electric device which high speed electronic switches to convert a DC voltage (from a battery) to an AC voltage.

44
Q

Capacitor

A

Electronic device which uses plates separated by a thin insulator to store electric charge.

In a DC circuit: current is initially high as the plates accumulate charge and goes to zero as the capacitor builds up voltage.
In an AC circuit it makes the current lag behind the voltage.

45
Q

Inductor

A

An electrical component which resists a charge in current.

An inductor is basically a coil of wire. As current increases the wire makes a magnetic field around itself. The magnetic flux from one loop induces a voltage in the neighboring loops which opposes the current. As current stabilizes the magnetic field stops moving and the counter voltage goes to zero.
If the supply voltage drops, the energy stored in the collapsing magnetic field will increase voltage to try and maintain constant current.

In an AC circuit current lags behind voltage.

46
Q

VFD

A

Variable Frequency Drive
Device that takes input of one voltage and frequency, and has the ability to output a range of frequencies.

VFDs (or “Drives”) are used to control the speed of motors, and to let motors “soft start” which minimizes the current surge.

47
Q

Positive Displacement Pump

A

A piston or screw type pump.
A given pump speed will provide a fixed flow rate regardless of downstream pressure. This means the system must be designed with relief valves to protect against pipe ruptures if a pump is dead headed.

48
Q

Centrifugal Pump

A

Pump that raises pressure by using a rotating impeller to sling the water outwards.
A centrifugal pump is at max pressure when it’s dead headed. When the system resistance drops flow increases.

Plum Point Power Plant (4 decks)

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