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med term chapter 5 (mod 5) digestive system > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Absorption

A

Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

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2
Q

Amino acids

A

Small building blocks of proteins; released when proteins are digested

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3
Q

Amylase

A

Enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch

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4
Q

Anus

A

Terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body

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5
Q

Appendix

A

Blind pouch hanging from the cecum

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6
Q

Bile

A

Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder; breaks up large fat globules; composed of bile pigments, cholesterol, and bile salts

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7
Q

Bilirubin

A

Pigment released by the liver in bile

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8
Q

Bowel

A

Intestine

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9
Q

Canine teeth

A

Pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors; also called cuspids or eyeteeth

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10
Q

Cecum

A

First part of the large intestine

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11
Q

Colon

A

Consists of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments

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12
Q

Common bile duct

A

Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum; also called choledochus

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13
Q

Defecation

A

Elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus

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14
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

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15
Q

Dentin

A

Primary material found in teeth; covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root

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16
Q

Digestion

A

Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

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17
Q

Duodenum

A

First part of the small intestine; about 12 inches long

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18
Q

Elimination

A

Act of removal of materials from the body

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19
Q

Emulsification

A

Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules

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20
Q

Enamel

A

Hard, outermost layer of a tooth

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21
Q

Enzyme

A

Chemical that speeds up reactions between substances (enzyme names end in “-ase”)

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22
Q

Esophagus

A

Tube connecting the throat to the stomach m

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23
Q

Fatty acids

A

Substances produced when fats are digested; a category of lipids

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24
Q

Feces

A

Solid wastes; stool

25
Q

Gallbladder

A

Small sac under the liver; stores bile

26
Q

Glucose

A

Simple sugar

27
Q

Glycogen

A

Starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells

28
Q

Hydrochloric acid

A

Substance produced in the stomach; necessary for digestion of food

29
Q

Ileum

A

Third part of the small intestine

30
Q

Incisor

A

One of four front teeth in the dental arch

31
Q

Insulin

A

Hormone produced by endocrine cells of the pancreas; transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver

32
Q

Jejunum

A

Second part of the small intestine

33
Q

Lipase

A

Pancreatic enzyme needed to digest fats

34
Q

Liver

A

Large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen; secretes bile; stores sugar, iron, and vitamins; produces blood proteins; filters out toxins (normal adult liver weighs 2.5 to 3 pounds

35
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

A

Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach; cardiac sphincter

36
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

37
Q

Molar teeth

A

Sixth, seventh, and eight teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch

38
Q

Palate

A

Roof of the mouth

39
Q

Pancreas

A

Organ behind the stomach; produces insulin and enzymes

40
Q

Papillae (singular: papilla)

A

Small, projections on the tongue

41
Q

Parotid gland

A

Salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear

42
Q

Peristalsis

A

Rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs

43
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat

44
Q

Portal vein

A

Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines

45
Q

Protease

A

Enzyme that digests protein

46
Q

Pulp

A

Soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels

47
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum; opens when a wave of peristalsis passes over it

48
Q

Pylorus

A

Distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum

49
Q

Rectum

A

Last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus

50
Q

Rugae

A

Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach

51
Q

Saliva

A

Digestive juice produced by salivary glands; contains the enzyme amylase

52
Q

Salivary glands

A

Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands

53
Q

Sigmoid colon

A

Fourth and last, S-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum

54
Q

Sphincter

A

Circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening

55
Q

Stomach

A

Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus

56
Q

Triglycerides

A

Fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol; subgroup of lipids

57
Q

Uvula

A

Soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate

58
Q

Villi (singular: villus)

A

Microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream

med term chapter 5 (mod 5) digestive system (9 decks)

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