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vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

ˌlim-ˌfan-ˈjīt-əs

Lymphangitis

A

Inflammation of lymphatic channels

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2
Q

ˌa-thə-ˌrō-sklə-ˈrō-səs

Atherosclerosis

A

Plaque buildup inside arteries

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3
Q

stə-ˈnō-səs

Stenosis

A

Narrowing of a vessel

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4
Q

Venous stasis ulcer

A

Skin breakdown from chronic venous insufficiency

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5
Q

Ischemia

A

. Lack of sufficient blood supply

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6
Q

ˌlī-pō-ˈprō-ˌtēn

High-density lipoprotein

a conjugated protein that is a complex of protein and lipid
ˈkän-jə-ˌgā-təd
1
: formed by the union of two compounds or united with another compound
conjugated bile acids
2
: relating to, containing, or being a system of two double bonds separated by a single bond
conjugated fatty acids
conjugated double bonds

A

Protective cholesterol

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7
Q

kə-ˈla-t(ə-)rəl

Collateral circulation

3: a branch of a bodily part (such as a vein)

A

Growth of blood vessels to compensate for blocked blood flow

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8
Q

ˈan-jē-ə-ˌpla-stē

Balloon angioplasty

surgical repair or recanalization of a blood vessel

A

Procedure to compress plaque against wall of artery

kəm-ˈpres ˈplak

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9
Q

-ˈpek-t(ə-)rəs

Angina pectoris

A

Chest pain caused by decreased blood supply to the heart

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10
Q

Stable angina

A

Chest pain that usually subsides with rest

səb-ˈsīd

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11
Q

Unstable angina

A

Chest pain that increases in frequency and is not relieved by rest

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12
Q

ˈver-ə-ˌkōs

Varicose veins

1
: abnormally swollen or dilated
varicose veins
2
: affected with varicose veins
varicose legs

A

Tortuous and bulging veins, usually in lower extremity

ˈtȯrch-wəs ˈbəl-jiŋ

tortuous adjective
1: marked by repeated twists, bends, or turns : WINDING
a tortuous path
bulging adjective
1: swelling or thrusting out from a surrounding or adjacent surface : PROTUBERANT

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13
Q

rā-ˈnōz-

Raynaud disease

A

Venospasms affecting digits with cold exposure

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14
Q

ˈan-yə-ˌri-zəm

Aneurysm

A

. A bulging or dilation of an artery

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15
Q

in-ˈfärk-shən

Myocardial infarction

injury or death of tissue (as of the heart or lungs) resulting from inadequate blood supply especially as a result of obstruction of the local circulation by a thrombus or embolus : the process of forming an infarct

A

Death of a portion of the myocardium

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16
Q

ˈtrō-pə-nən

Troponin I

A

Laboratory value that can reflect degree of damage to the heart

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17
Q

ˈem-bə-ˌli-zəm

Embolism

A

A moving blood clot

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18
Q

ˈthräm-bəs

Thrombus

A

A stationary blood clot

ˈstā-shə-ˌner-ē

1: fixed in a station, course, or mode : IMMOBILE

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19
Q

ˌin-tər-ˈmi-tᵊnt ˌklȯ-də-ˈkā-shən

Intermittent claudication

1: coming and going at intervals : not continuous

claudication noun
: a state or condition marked by limping
especially : INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION

A

Exertional calf pain that ceases with rest

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20
Q

Coronary artery disease

A

Obstructed blood flow in the coronary arteries

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21
Q

ep-ti-‘fib-a-tide

Eptifibatide (Integrilin)

A

**Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa class platelet inhibitor ** drug used to reduce ischemic cardiac events in specific patient populations

22
Q

me-ˈtō-prə-ˌlȯl

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

A

Beta blocker

23
Q

ˌnī-trə-ˈgli-s(ə-)rən

Nitroglycerin

A

Drug of choice for anginal attacks

Nitroglycerin is a vasodilatory drug used primarily to provide relief from anginal chest pain.

24
Q

ˈhe-pə-rən

heparin

A

Antiplatelet

Heparin injection is an anticoagulant.

25
# (ˌ)kō-ˌle-stə-ˈra-ˌmēn *Cholesty*ramine (Questran)
Bile acid *se*questrant ## Footnote Indications Management of primary hypercholesterolemia. Pruritus associated with elevated levels of bile acids. Unlabeled Use(s): Diarrhea associated with excess bile acids. Action Bind bile acids in the GI tract, forming an insoluble complex. Result is increased clearance of cholesterol. Therapeutic Effect(s): Decreased plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Decreased pruritus.
26
# klō-ˈpi-də-ˌgrel *Clo*pidogrel (Plavix)
Antiplatelet
27
# ə-ˌtȯr-və-ˈsta-tᵊn *Atorva*statin (Lipitor)
Reduces cholesterol synthesis
28
# 're-te-plase Reteplase (Retavase)
Thrombolytic
29
# am-ˈlō-də-ˌpēn *Am*lodipine (Norvasc)
Calcium channel blocker | antianginals antihypertensives
30
# ˌī-sō-ˈsȯr-ˌbīd -dī-ˈnī-ˌtrāt *Iso*sorbide *di*nitrate (Isordil) ## Footnote antianginals
Long-acting nitrate ## Footnote antianginals
31
# ˌtam-pə-ˈnād ? Cardiac *tampo*nade ## Footnote the closure or blockage (as of a wound or body cavity) by or as if by a tampon especially to stop bleeding
mechanical compression of the heart by large amounts of fluid or blood within the pericardial space that limits the normal range of motion and function of the heart
32
# ˈfrȯ-thē -t͟hē frothy sputum ## Footnote a: bubbles formed in or on a liquid : FOAM
33
Left-sided HF
Dry cough Crackles Hepatomegaly Dyspnea Splenomegaly Orthopnea Right-sided HF Peripheral edema Jugular vein distention
34
**Left sided HF Causes** Aortic Stenosis Cardiomyopathy ? Coarctation of the Aorta –restricted blood flow r/t narrow Hypertension Heart muscle infection MI Mitral regurgitation
**Right-Sided HF Causes** Atrial septal defect ? Cor pulmonale Left sided failure Pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary valve stenosis ## Footnote Major cause of Right side HF is from left-sided heart failure: Rt Side must continually pump blood against increased fluid in pulmonary artery and lungs. **? Cor pulmonale ** Happens when right ventricle hypertrophies and fails due to increased pulmonary pressures causing: Backward build-up of blood in systemic blood vessels Peripheral edema results, jugular vein distension
35
Pulmonary Edema ## Footnote Classic: Pink, frothy sputum Rapid respirations with accessory muscles Severe dyspnea, orthopnea Crackles, wheezes Anxiety, restlessness Clammy, cold skin Low BP as pulmonary pressure increases
Diagnosis GET THE OXYGEN INTO THE BLOOD CELLS Arterial blood gases- decrease in partial pressure of oxygen(Pao2), **80-100 mmhg** Partial pressure of carbon dioxide rises (Paco2) **35-45 mmhg** Pulmonary artery catherization- Pulmonary pressures elevates, with decrease output X-ray
36
Pulmonary Edema Therapeutic interventions : ICU
Immediate treatment- prevent acute respiratory distress Reduce workload of left ventricle Treat underlying cause Place in semi-Fowler or Fowler position –reduces venous return Provide oxygen/mechanical ventilation-mask Diuretics IV Morphine IV – respiration Inotropic agents IV Vasodilators IV
37
Pulmonary Edema
Nursing diagnoses Impaired Gas Exchange Decreased Cardiac Output –bed rest/commode Excess Fluid Volume –listen to the lungs, Acute Pain
38
Chronic Heart Failure Signs and symptoms Fatigue and weakness Exertional dyspnea Orthopnea (lying), paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea Cough chronic dry Crackle and wheezes Tachycard
Cheyne-Stokes respiration Edema Chest pains Anemia Nocturia Cyanosis Altered mental status – lack of O2 Malnutrition
39
Chronic Heart Failure Complications
Liver and spleen enlargement Pleural effusion – fluid in lung tissue Thrombosis and emboli Cardiogenic shock –suddenly unable to pump blood
40
Chronic Heart Failure Diagnostic tests
Screening tests Serum B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) Serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine Liver function tests Thyroid function test Ferritin Chest x-ray Echocardiography Electrocardiogram Exercise stress testing Cardiac magnetic imaging Cardiac catheterization/ angiography Sleep studies
41
Chronic Heart Failure Therapeutic intervention goals ## Footnote Improve heart’s pumping ability and decrease heart’s oxygen demands as chronic HF is not curable
Identify and correct underlying cause. Increase strength of heart’s contraction. Maintain optimum water and sodium balance. Decrease heart’s workload.
42
Chronic Heart Failure Drug therapy
Oxygen therapy Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin Two receptor blockers or angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (stage C) Beta blockers Diuretics Inotropic agents Vasodilators Ivabradine (new – slows heart rate) Anticoagulants
43
Amplitude
44
Atrial depolarization
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MOD3 (9 decks)

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