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MOD3 > vocabulary > Flashcards

vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

ˌlim-ˌfan-ˈjīt-əs

Lymphangitis

A

Inflammation of lymphatic channels

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2
Q

ˌa-thə-ˌrō-sklə-ˈrō-səs

Atherosclerosis

A

Plaque buildup inside arteries

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3
Q

stə-ˈnō-səs

Stenosis

A

Narrowing of a vessel

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4
Q

Venous stasis ulcer

A

Skin breakdown from chronic venous insufficiency

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5
Q

Ischemia

A

. Lack of sufficient blood supply

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6
Q

ˌlī-pō-ˈprō-ˌtēn

High-density lipoprotein

a conjugated protein that is a complex of protein and lipid
ˈkän-jə-ˌgā-təd
1
: formed by the union of two compounds or united with another compound
conjugated bile acids
2
: relating to, containing, or being a system of two double bonds separated by a single bond
conjugated fatty acids
conjugated double bonds

A

Protective cholesterol

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7
Q

kə-ˈla-t(ə-)rəl

Collateral circulation

3: a branch of a bodily part (such as a vein)

A

Growth of blood vessels to compensate for blocked blood flow

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8
Q

ˈan-jē-ə-ˌpla-stē

Balloon angioplasty

surgical repair or recanalization of a blood vessel

A

Procedure to compress plaque against wall of artery

kəm-ˈpres ˈplak

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9
Q

-ˈpek-t(ə-)rəs

Angina pectoris

A

Chest pain caused by decreased blood supply to the heart

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10
Q

Stable angina

A

Chest pain that usually subsides with rest

səb-ˈsīd

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11
Q

Unstable angina

A

Chest pain that increases in frequency and is not relieved by rest

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12
Q

ˈver-ə-ˌkōs

Varicose veins

1
: abnormally swollen or dilated
varicose veins
2
: affected with varicose veins
varicose legs

A

Tortuous and bulging veins, usually in lower extremity

ˈtȯrch-wəs ˈbəl-jiŋ

tortuous adjective
1: marked by repeated twists, bends, or turns : WINDING
a tortuous path
bulging adjective
1: swelling or thrusting out from a surrounding or adjacent surface : PROTUBERANT

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13
Q

rā-ˈnōz-

Raynaud disease

A

Venospasms affecting digits with cold exposure

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14
Q

ˈan-yə-ˌri-zəm

Aneurysm

A

. A bulging or dilation of an artery

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15
Q

in-ˈfärk-shən

Myocardial infarction

injury or death of tissue (as of the heart or lungs) resulting from inadequate blood supply especially as a result of obstruction of the local circulation by a thrombus or embolus : the process of forming an infarct

A

Death of a portion of the myocardium

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16
Q

ˈtrō-pə-nən

Troponin I

A

Laboratory value that can reflect degree of damage to the heart

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17
Q

ˈem-bə-ˌli-zəm

Embolism

A

A moving blood clot

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18
Q

ˈthräm-bəs

Thrombus

A

A stationary blood clot

ˈstā-shə-ˌner-ē

1: fixed in a station, course, or mode : IMMOBILE

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19
Q

ˌin-tər-ˈmi-tᵊnt ˌklȯ-də-ˈkā-shən

Intermittent claudication

1: coming and going at intervals : not continuous

claudication noun
: a state or condition marked by limping
especially : INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION

A

Exertional calf pain that ceases with rest

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20
Q

Coronary artery disease

A

Obstructed blood flow in the coronary arteries

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21
Q

ep-ti-‘fib-a-tide

Eptifibatide (Integrilin)

A

**Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa class platelet inhibitor ** drug used to reduce ischemic cardiac events in specific patient populations

22
Q

me-ˈtō-prə-ˌlȯl

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

A

Beta blocker

23
Q

ˌnī-trə-ˈgli-s(ə-)rən

Nitroglycerin

A

Drug of choice for anginal attacks

Nitroglycerin is a vasodilatory drug used primarily to provide relief from anginal chest pain.

24
Q

ˈhe-pə-rən

heparin

A

Antiplatelet

Heparin injection is an anticoagulant.

25
Q

(ˌ)kō-ˌle-stə-ˈra-ˌmēn

Cholestyramine (Questran)

A

Bile acid sequestrant

Indications
Management of primary hypercholesterolemia.
Pruritus associated with elevated levels of bile acids.
Unlabeled Use(s):

Diarrhea associated with excess bile acids.

Action
Bind bile acids in the GI tract, forming an insoluble complex. Result is increased clearance of cholesterol.

Therapeutic Effect(s):

Decreased plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.
Decreased pruritus.

26
Q

klō-ˈpi-də-ˌgrel

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

A

Antiplatelet

27
Q

ə-ˌtȯr-və-ˈsta-tᵊn

Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

A

Reduces cholesterol synthesis

28
Q

‘re-te-plase

Reteplase (Retavase)

A

Thrombolytic

29
Q

am-ˈlō-də-ˌpēn

Amlodipine (Norvasc)

A

Calcium channel blocker

antihypertensives

antianginals

30
Q

ˌī-sō-ˈsȯr-ˌbīd -dī-ˈnī-ˌtrāt

Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil)

antianginals

A

Long-acting nitrate

antianginals

31
Q

ˌtam-pə-ˈnād

? Cardiac tamponade

the closure or blockage (as of a wound or body cavity) by or as if by a tampon especially to stop bleeding

A

mechanical compression of the heart by large amounts of fluid or blood within the pericardial space that limits the normal range of motion and function of the heart

32
Q

ˈfrȯ-thē -t͟hē

frothy sputum

a: bubbles formed in or on a liquid : FOAM

A
33
Q

Left-sided HF

A

Dry cough
Crackles
Hepatomegaly
Dyspnea
Splenomegaly
Orthopnea

Right-sided HF
Peripheral edema
Jugular vein distention

34
Q

Left sided HF Causes
Aortic Stenosis
Cardiomyopathy
? Coarctation of the Aorta –restricted blood flow r/t narrow
Hypertension
Heart muscle infection
MI
Mitral regurgitation

A

Right-Sided HF Causes
Atrial septal defect
? Cor pulmonale
Left sided failure
Pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary valve stenosis

Major cause of Right side HF is from left-sided heart failure: Rt Side must continually pump blood against increased fluid in pulmonary artery and lungs.
**? Cor pulmonale **
Happens when right ventricle hypertrophies and fails due to increased pulmonary pressures causing:
Backward build-up of blood in systemic blood vessels
Peripheral edema results, jugular vein distension

35
Q

Pulmonary Edema

Classic: Pink, frothy sputum
Rapid respirations with accessory muscles
Severe dyspnea, orthopnea
Crackles, wheezes
Anxiety, restlessness
Clammy, cold skin
Low BP as pulmonary pressure increases

A

Diagnosis GET THE OXYGEN INTO THE BLOOD CELLS
Arterial blood gases- decrease in partial pressure of oxygen(Pao2), 80-100 mmhg
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide rises (Paco2) 35-45 mmhg
Pulmonary artery catherization- Pulmonary pressures elevates, with decrease output
X-ray

36
Q

Pulmonary Edema
Therapeutic interventions : ICU

A

Immediate treatment- prevent acute respiratory distress
Reduce workload of left ventricle
Treat underlying cause
Place in semi-Fowler or Fowler position –reduces venous return
Provide oxygen/mechanical ventilation-mask
Diuretics IV
Morphine IV – respiration
Inotropic agents IV
Vasodilators IV

37
Q

Pulmonary Edema

A

Nursing diagnoses
Impaired Gas Exchange
Decreased Cardiac Output –bed rest/commode
Excess Fluid Volume –listen to the lungs,
Acute Pain

38
Q

Chronic Heart Failure
Signs and symptoms
Fatigue and weakness
Exertional dyspnea
Orthopnea (lying), paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Cough chronic dry
Crackle and wheezes
Tachycard

A

Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Edema
Chest pains
Anemia
Nocturia
Cyanosis
Altered mental status – lack of O2
Malnutrition

39
Q

Chronic Heart Failure
Complications

A

Liver and spleen enlargement
Pleural effusion – fluid in lung tissue
Thrombosis and emboli
Cardiogenic shock –suddenly unable to pump blood

40
Q

Chronic Heart Failure
Diagnostic tests

A

Screening tests
Serum B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine
Liver function tests
Thyroid function test
Ferritin
Chest x-ray
Echocardiography
Electrocardiogram
Exercise stress testing
Cardiac magnetic imaging
Cardiac catheterization/ angiography
Sleep studies

41
Q

Chronic Heart Failure
Therapeutic intervention goals

Improve heart’s pumping ability and decrease heart’s oxygen demands as chronic HF is not curable

A

Identify and correct underlying cause.
Increase strength of heart’s contraction.
Maintain optimum water and sodium balance.
Decrease heart’s workload.

42
Q

Chronic Heart Failure
Drug therapy

A

Oxygen therapy
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin Two receptor blockers or angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (stage C)
Beta blockers
Diuretics
Inotropic agents
Vasodilators
Ivabradine (new – slows heart rate)
Anticoagulants

43
Q

Amplitude

A
44
Q

Atrial depolarization

A
45
Q
A
46
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A
47
Q
A
48
Q
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49
Q
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50
Q
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51
Q
A

MOD3 (9 decks)

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