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Linguistics > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Linguistic Competence

A

the system of unconscious knowledge that one knows when they know a language

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2
Q

Linguistic Performance

A

the actual use of language in concrete situations

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3
Q

Performance Error

A

A mistake in language performance not necessarily due to lack of competence

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4
Q

Speech Communication Chain

A

The different forms in which a spoken message exists in its progress from the mind of the speaker to the mind of the listener

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5
Q

Speech Communication Chain Steps

A

Linguistic, Physiological, Acoustic, Physiological, Linguistic

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6
Q

Noise

A

Sounds that corrupt the recognition of spectral information in speech

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7
Q

Lexicon

A

contains the vocabulary and expressions understood by the speaker of a language

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8
Q

Mental Grammar

A

The system that all speakers of a language have in their minds, which allows them to understand each other

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9
Q

Language Variation

A

Regional, social, or contextual differences in the ways that a particular language is used

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10
Q

Descriptive Grammar

A

Objective, nonjudgmental description of the grammatical constructions in a language

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11
Q

Evidence That Writing and Language are Not the Same (4 Reasons)

A
  1. Speech is universal, literacy is limited
  2. Speech is usually acquired before literacy
  3. Speech could not be captured or preserved until recently
  4. Spoken language undergoes more frequent and major change
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12
Q

Reasons Some People Believe Writing to be Better Than Speech (3 Reasons)

A
  1. Standardization - Written language generally has a single written norm
  2. Written language is considered more prestigious - associated with economic power, education, and literature
  3. Permanence- Written language has been preserved for millenia
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13
Q

Prescriptive Grammar

A

Set of norms or rules governing how a language should or should not be used versus how it is actually used

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14
Q

Prescribe

A

To establish rules that govern the preferred usage of language

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15
Q

Charles Hockett’s Nine Design Features (Necessary For a Communication System to be Considered a Language)

A
  1. Vocal-Auditory Channel
  2. Broadcast Transmission and Directional Reception
  3. Transitoriness
  4. Interchangeability
  5. Total Feedback
  6. Specialization
  7. Semanticity
  8. Arbitrariness
  9. Discreteness
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16
Q

Mode of Communication

A

Linguistical or Alphabetical Communication

17
Q

Semanticity

A

Specific sound signals are directly tied to certain meanings

18
Q

Pragmatic Function

A

The meaning a speaker wishes to convey to the person they are speaking to (the addressee)

19
Q

Interchangeability

A

The idea that humans can give and receive identical linguistic signals

20
Q

Cultural Transmission

A

The process of a language being passed on from one generation to the next

21
Q

Arbitrariness

A

The meaning of linguistic signs is not predictable from its word form, nor is the word form dictated by its meaning/function

22
Q

Linguistic Sign

A

The linguistic sign was seen as a holistic combination of two structural elements: a form that signifies (signifier) and a concept to which the form refers (signified)

23
Q

Convention

A

A principle or norm that has been adopted by a person or community about how to use, and therefore what the meaning is of, a specific term

24
Q

Non-Arbitrariness

A

The absence of any natural or necessary connection between a word’s meaning and its sound or form

25
Q

Iconic

A

The conceived similarity between the form of a linguistic sign and its meaning

26
Q

Onomatopoeia

A

The use or creation of a word that phonetically imitates, resembles, or suggests the sound that it describes

27
Q

Conventionalized

A

The commonly accepted way people speak in normal everyday conversations.

28
Q

Sound Symbolism

A

The resemblance between sound and meaning

29
Q

Discreteness

A

The sounds used in language are meaningfully distinct

30
Q

Displacement

A

The capability of language to communicate about things that are not immediately present

31
Q

Productivity

A

The degree to which speakers of a language use a particular grammatical process, especially in word formation

32
Q

Modality

A

Refers to the ways language can express various relationships to reality or truth

33
Q

Myths About SIgned Languages (List 4)

A
  1. There is only one sign language
  2. Sign languages are not real languages
  3. All deaf people sign
  4. Teaching signing prevents speech
34
Q

Differences Between Codes and Languages (List 4)

A

1.The social activity of language can exist without code, but code cannot exist without language
2. Language has neither finite input nor finite output
3.Vagueness and indeterminacy cannot be coded
4. Different cultures have different interpretations of nonverbal codes

Linguistics (6 decks)

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