Syntax

Question 1

Constituents/Phrases

Answer 1

Synctatic units

Question 2

Pronominalisation

Answer 2

The substitution of a constituent by a
pronoun

Question 3

Pro-form

Answer 3

Used interchangeably with the established term pronoun, keeping in mind
that a ‘pro-noun’ is actually a pro-phrase

Question 4

Movement Test

Answer 4

If a string of words can be
moved to other sentential positions, it is proof of the string’s being a constituent

Question 5

Coordination Test

Answer 5

It is only constituents that can be coordinated by the coordinating conjunction ‘and’

Question 6

Gapping Test

Answer 6

A tag question leaves a gap, in which we could insert the missing string

Question 7

Sentence-fragment Test

Answer 7

Only certain types of string can form possible sentence fragments which speakers can use to, for example, answer a question

Question 8

Structural Ambiguity

Answer 8

In cases in which different interpretations arise through different sentence structures assigned to the same strings of words

Question 9

Head

Answer 9

The most important element of a phrase (Prepositional, Noun, Adjective, Verb, Adverb)

Question 10

Noun Phrases

Answer 10

Phrases headed by a noun

Question 11

Projections

Answer 11

The head projects its properties onto the phrase as a whole

Question 12

Word-Classes

Answer 12

Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Prepositions, Adverbs, Articles, Demonstratives, Possessives, Conjunctions,

Question 13

Phrase Structure Rules

Answer 13

Phrase structure provides distinct slots which can only be occupied by certain types of constituents

Question 14

Subordinate Clauses

Answer 14

The possibility to have sentences inside sentences

Question 15

Clause

Answer 15

A syntactic unit that con-
sists minimally of a verb phrase and its subject

Question 16

Sentences

Answer 16

The largest syntactic units and they are made up of one or more clauses

Question 17

Matrix Clause/Main Clause

Answer 17

Clauses that can stand on their own

Question 18

Subject-Verb Agreement

Answer 18

Syntactic process which requires
subject and verb to share the same person and number features

Question 19

Case Forms

Answer 19

Forms that mark the grammatical function of noun phrases in a sentence or phrase

Question 20

Transitive Verbs

Answer 20

Verbs that need an object

Question 21

Intransitive Verbs

Answer 21

Verbs that cannot take an object

Question 22

Di-transitive Verbs

Answer 22

Verbs that can take two objects, like give, or show

Question 23

Direct Object

Answer 23

One of the objects denotes an entity that
undergoes the action or process denoted by the verb

Question 24

Indirect Object

Answer 24

The object that denotes the goal, the recipient or the benificiary of the event denoted by the verb

Question 25

Adverbial/Adjunct

Answer 25

Constituents that provide information about the circumstances of the
action denoted by the verb and its subject and object(s)

Question 26

Complement

Answer 26

Semantically and structurally highly dependent sister constituents of heads

Question 27

Predicative Complements

Answer 27

Complements that do not behave like objects

Question 28

Syntax

Answer 28

The formation of sentences and the associated grammatical rules

Question 29

Small Clause

Answer 29

Infinitive, basic verb without without finite information

Question 30

Independent Clause

Answer 30

A group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought

Question 31

Dependent Clause

Answer 31

A group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought

Question 32

Diction

Answer 32

Defines the style of written or spoken language, representing the choices a speaker or writer makes within the rules of grammar and syntax

Question 33

Modifier

Answer 33

A word or phrase intended to change, or modify, another part of the sentence

Question 34

Sentence Fragment

Answer 34

Doesn’t make a complete statement

Question 35

Comma Placement

Answer 35

Proper syntax requires at least one comma to separate a list of three items

Question 36

Oxford Comma

Answer 36

Separates the last item in a list

Question 37

Verb Tense

Answer 37

The way you change a verb based on the time period when it happened

Question 38

Unnecessary Word

Answer 38

An infinitive that is not required for a sentence to make sense

Question 39

Run-On Sentence

Answer 39

The absence of punctuation makes the statement appear vague and rushed