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ABCTE - English Standard > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

Homophone

A

Two or more words that have the same pronunciation but also different meanings, origins or spellings. (Example: There, their and they’re)

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2
Q

Synonym

A

Two or more words that have the same meaning. (Example: happy, joyful)

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3
Q

Bubonic Plague

A

Pushed English language up the social ladder. Killed 1/3 of population

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4
Q

Pejoration

A

Semantic change for the worse or with a less respectable meaning over time. (Example: Idiot = Private person in Greek)

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5
Q

Sisyphen task

A

A laborious task requiring continual and ineffective effort

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6
Q

Analogy

A

A comparison of two things

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7
Q

Euphemisims

A

A mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing.

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8
Q

Participle Adjective

A

Adjectives with “-ed” or “-ing” endings

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9
Q

Adjective

A

A word or phrase naming an attribute

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10
Q

Participle

A

A verb used as a noun or adjective (compound verb)

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11
Q

Connotation:

A

Idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal definition or primary meaning

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12
Q

Narrowing

A

A language change process by which the meaning of a word becomes very specific (Example: Hound/dog)

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13
Q

Modus Operandi:

A

A Latin term for having a certain way something must be done. It is also known as the Socratic Method.

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14
Q

Jejune

A

Dry or uniteresting

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15
Q

Inkhorn

A

A period in English language history when scholars coined new words from Greek and Latin terms.

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16
Q

Denotations

A

The meaning of a word according to its literal definition

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17
Q

Metephor

A

A figure of speech that compares two unlike things

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18
Q

Metephor

A

A figure of speech that compares two unlike things

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19
Q

Similies

A

Sentences that use “like” or “as” to compare.

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20
Q

Linguistics

A

when a word with a concrete meaning gains an abstract meaning.

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21
Q

Figurative sense:

A

A word or expression used with an abstract or imaginative meaning compared to the literal one.

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22
Q

Antonyms

A

Words with opposite meaning

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23
Q

Homonym

A

Words that are spelled and pronounced the same but have different meanings (Example: Fair)

24
Q

Homograph

A

Words that are spelled the same but have different meanings and pronunciations. (Example: Bass = Fish / Bass = Instrument)

25
Q

Language Analogies

A

Tend to be written like equations
Homophone: Synonym :: Sound: Meaning

26
Q

Dictionary

A

Describes rather than prescribes how we use language. They offer:
- Pronunciations
- derivations (derivatives)
- contextual examples
- spellings
- etymologies

27
Q

Thesaurus

A

Offers synonyms and Antonyms

28
Q

Glossaries

A

specialized definitions used in a particular book

29
Q

Oxford English dictionary

A

The most useful dictionary. Includes British pronunciations

30
Q

Merriam-Webster

A

American English Dictionary. Uses earliest definition first

31
Q

American Heritage Dictionary

A

American English Dictionary. Uses most common definition first.

32
Q

Brewers dictionary of phrases and fables

A

A resource for common idioms and adages

33
Q

King Alfred the Great

A

West Saxon king, the first recognized King of England. He unified the country and expelled the Danes.

34
Q

Norse

A

Used Interchangeably to identify both the language and its speakers. Refers to the Scandinavians who invaded and settled in the Eastern half of England.

35
Q

Danelaw

A

A political demarcation established by King Alfred the Great. It kept the Western half of England sovereign and protected the rights of Anglo-Saxons in the east.

36
Q

William the conqueror, Duke of Normandy

A

Conquered England in 1066. Historians use this invasion to mark the change from Anglo-Saxon to Middle English (French speaking).

37
Q

The Great Vowel Shift

A

A shift in pronunciation that linguists often use to separate Middle English from Modern English (Cause unknown)

38
Q

William Caxton

A

Brought the printing press from Cologne, Germany to England. This initiated the standardization of English. (First book was a french romance: Recuyell of the historyes of Troye)

39
Q

Inkhorn:

A

a derogatory term for a word coined from Greek or Latin roots. No obscure, roughly synonymous with Pedantic.

40
Q

Taboo Words

A

Words that are perceived as dangerous and replaced with euphemisms.

41
Q

Calques

A

words or phrases that are translated word-for-word from a foreign language.

42
Q

Semantic Shift

A

The meaning of a word changes over time.

43
Q

Ethnonym

A

A language change process in which a word that identifies a group or nation to others becomes the word that they are called. (Example: Latino, hispanic, African American)

44
Q

Generalization

A

A language process by which a very specific word gains a more general meaning

45
Q

Loss of motivation

A

A language process by which the original words loose their form because speakers no longer remember their significance (Example: Lord = Loaf Keeper).

46
Q

Amelioration

A

The process by which a word’s meaning improves over time.

47
Q

Idioms

A

A phrase where significance comes from general usage rather than it’s literal meaning (Example: Couch potato).

48
Q

Smorgasbord

A

A Swedish word meaning “buffet” or “varying mixture”.

49
Q

Delectation

A

meaning delight or pleasure, from the Latin word “delectare”.

50
Q

Le mot juste

A

A French word meaning “just right word”.

51
Q

Soupcon

A

A french word meaning “Small amount”.

52
Q

Tantalyzing

A

meaning to Tempt. From the Greek myth about Tantalus.

53
Q

Rubric

A

A Roman word meaning category

54
Q

Prodigal

A

meaning wasteful. From the Biblical story of the prodigal son.

55
Q

Denotions

A

The literal meaning of words found in dictionaries.

56
Q

Connotations

A

The meaning suggested beyond the literal definition.

ABCTE - English Standard (2 decks)

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