Vocabulary

Question 1

Thermocline

Answer 1

A temperature boundary that separates the warm upper layer from the cold deeper water

Question 2

Turnover

Answer 2

Semiannual mixing of water. Oxgynated water from the surface with nutrient-rich water from the bottom. During the summer, cold water is on the bottom vice versa for winter. Spring and fall configuration reverse bring nutrients from the bottom to the top. Climate change has disrupted this process

Question 3

Oligotrophic/eutrophic lakes

Answer 3

Zooplankton grazes on phytoplankton.
Invertebrates live in the benthic zone, and fishes live in all zones with sufficient oxygen.
High oxygen and low nutrients and vice versa (e.g think eutrophication)

Question 4

Wetlands

Answer 4

Among the most productive biomes on Earth. Wetlands are home to diverse invertebrates, birds, reptiles, and mammals. These areas help filter water before it heads out to marine habitats. Humans have destroyed up to 90% of wetlands.

Question 5

Estuary

Answer 5

Is a transition area between river and sea. Salinity varies spatially and with the rise and fall of tides. Estuaries are nutrient-rich and highly productive. Fish have to be socially adapted.