Vocabulary Flashcards
Solid → Liquid
Melting
Liquid → Solid
Freezing
Liquid → Gas
Boiling/Evaporation
Gas → Liquid
Condensation
Solid → Gas
Sublimation
Gas → Solid
Deposition
Endothermic
Energy (heat) is taken into system/reaction (gets cold); going to higher energy state
Exothermic
Energy (heat) leaves system (gets warm); Going for lower energy state
Highest to Lowest Energy Levels of Matter States
- Gas
- Liquid
- Solid
Relationship between Evaporation and Surface Area
> Surface Area = > Evaporation
Relationship between Evaporation and Temperature
> Temperature = > Evaporation
Kinetic Energy
Energy obtained by movement
Potential Energy
Energy stored in molecules due to position, composition, and arrangement of molecules.
Vapor
Molecules that escape from evaporating liquid (in gas form)
Physical Equilibrium
Two opposing physical processes (states of matter) occurring at same rate.
Vapor Pressure
Pressure from Vapor above liquid when liquid and vapor are in physical equilibrium.
Boiling
Evaporation of liquid to vapor state through bubbling formation.
Boiling Point
Temperature of Vapor Pressure = Atmospheric Pressure on Liquid
External (Atmospheric) Pressure of Liquid
Vapor Pressure increases when Temperature Increases
Colligative Properties
Properties dependent on amount of solute dissolved.
Intermolecular Force
Attractive force between two molecules (force holds molecules together)
Intermolecular Force: Dipole-Dipole
Intermolecular Force between two polar molecules (one + end to one separate - end of an additional polar molecule)
Intermolecular Force: Hydrogen Bonds
Dipole-Dipole interaction observed in hydrogen molecules.
Hydrogen atom covalently bonded with small electronegative atom and lone pair of an additional nearby electronegative atom.
In a Hydrogen bond, what elements must hydrogen attach to covalently?
Nitrogen, Oxygen, or Fluorine
For a successful Hydrogen Bond, what does a nearby molecule have to have?
A present nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine atom that has one or more non-bonded electron pairs.
London Forces
Weak, temporary intermolecular forces between two atoms or molecules. (Polar or Non-polar)
- Temporary, uneven electron distributions
