Vocabulario de Migración - Prueba Flashcards
Movilidad Humana ( Human Mobility)
A key concept to understand the international and internal migration. Also the migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers.
migrant
any every person that is outside of their origin country for residency purposes
irregular migrant
irregular entry or over staying
Refugiado (refugee)
a person that fears persecution because of race, religion, nationality, social group, political opinions. They look outside of their country of nationality for protection - Geneva convention 1951
UNHCR
Declaración de Cartagena de 1984 - definition of refugee
people who have fled their countries because their life, security, liberty have been threatened by widespread violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violation of human rights or other circumstances that have disrupted public order
solicitante de asilo (asylum seeker)
a person who is claiming refugee status whose application is under assessment by the new nation
Protección complementaria o subsidiary protection
legal mechanisms intended to protect and grant refugee status to persons in need of international protection who does not meet refugee status
- article 22 number 8 of the American convention on Human rights
HET - hijos de extranjeros transeúntes
in 2014 the ministry of the interior and public security modified the interpretation of the HET concept, restricting its application only to children of tourists, crew members, stopped considering the irregular migratory status of the parents.
- Children born of irregular migrants
apátrida - stateless
article 1 of the convention of state of stateless persons - it refers to any person who is not recognized as a citizen of any sate
Tráfico de Migrantes- Trafficking Migrants
the facilitation of the illegal entrance of migrants trafficking by land, sea, air
Trata de personas - trafficking in persons
the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons by means of threats, force, or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception abuse of power, payments for the purpose of prostitution, sexual exploitation, forced labour, slavery, organ removal
NNA no acompañado
separated from two parents and other guardians without being under the care of adults who by law or custom has that responsibility
NNA separada - separated
separated from both parents or legal guardians but not from other relatives
flujo de migratorio mixto (zona gris) - the follow of migration
flows that originate from various causes and include migrants for economic or environmental reasons, regular or irregular situation, asylum seeker, refugees, victims of trafficking, unaccompanied children and adolescents
desplazamiento interno - internal displacement
a person or groups of people that have been forced to leave their homes because of an armed conflict, general violent situations, the rights of humans, natural disasters or man-made - not technically international yet (crossed borders)
derecho de circulación residencia
every person that has the right to move freely and to choose their residence in the territory of a state
- person has the right to leave any country including their own and return back to their country
- article 12 of the universal declaration de humans rights
¿Qué son los derechos humanos?
According to the United Nations, humans rights are attributes inherent to all human beings without discrimination of any kind such as nationality, place of residence sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language, gender. we all share the same rights. these are interrelated, interdependent and indivisible
el desarrollo de la doctrina
stages:
1. individual rights:
2. social rights
3. community rights
4. rights of the citizens
principios fundamentales del derecho internacional de los human rights
- non discrimination
- no criminalization of irregular migrants
- reunified families
- child interests
- life and development ( due process - laws to protect the person)
- right of being heard - free movement - right to migrate
7.no devolución - transfer of power to a lower level (delegate) - right to a nationality
- principio pro homine
fuentes de ddhh
treaties, conventions, pacts, principles, jurisprudence, general observations
derechos del individuo
liberties, civil, and political rights
social rights
economic, social, cultural rights
derechos de los pueblos
rights to clear and transparent information, participation, decision making, respect and recognition - community autonomy
derechos de los sujetos
women, workers, migrants, NNA, disabled people
obligaciones de los estados en derechos humanos
- respetar - respect
- garantizar - guarantee
- proteger - protect
- cooperar - cooperate
marco conceptual para el proceso de desarrollo humano
based on international human rights standards, promotion and protection of human rights
enfoque de derechos y cambio de paradigma ( rights based approach and paradigm shift)
understood inter-disciplinarily and inter-institutionally
social inclusion
subject of social policies are the same
achieve the materialization of human rights
the heart of the social policies are people and groups
non-discrimination
no progress can be made at the expense of excluded groups
non regressive
there is no room for regression in terms of guarantees and investments
los programas sociales y los derechos humanos
who are the right holders and what are they entitled to
strengthen those rights
declaración Universal de DDHH
articulo 1: every human is born free, equal in dignity and rights
articulo 2: every person has all of the rights declared in this declaration without discrimination
articulo 7: all are equal before the law and are equally protected before the law
Denuncia ante autoridad administrativa (complaint before the administrative authority)
pdi reports a foreiger to the national immigration service for violating law number 21325 - unauthorized border crossing
1. person detained
2. reporting your own irregular entry
3. cannot prove their regular entry with evidence
explusiones - expulsions
return of a foreigner to their origin country.
1. administrative: presentation of defenses
2. judicial: ordered by a judge - prison sentence
ingresos por pasos no habilitados (IPNH)
IPNH are people who have entered the country without authorization by the state. records of carabineros of the illegally detained and PDI
1. irregular income: enter chile through unauthorized places
2. exceptions: doesn’t consider children
Necesidades Específicas de Protección
This category groups the characteristics of refugee or displaced groups or individuals who face increased protection risks due to their circumstances or context. due to discrimination, their identity or other
factors that prevent them from exercising their rights or accessing the services they need.
institucionalidad migratoria
ministry of the interior
sub-secretary of the interior
national migration service
advisors of political migration
police authority - control migrants
ministerio de rree: receive,
resolve and grant requests for
prior authorizations or temporary stay visas
● Verify authenticity of
documents
● Resolve and grant official residence permits when
appropriate
Sistema de Visados de Chile: Nueva Ley de Migración y Extranjería
Chile’s Immigration and Foreigners Act 21,325 has introduced significant changes to the country’s visa system.
establishes a more structured and detailed regulatory framework for migration management. the system covers various migration categories, including temporary residence, temporary residence, and permanent residence, each designed to meet the different needs and situations of foreigners who wish to enter or remain in Chile
types of permits
- transit
- official residence
- temporary
- definitive residence
- nacionalization
subcategories of permites
- migrants on the border zone
- entry under condition
- residence for a mission
el duelo
a normal reaction before a loss
del duelo migratorio
migrating as a complex grief, and a risk factor for mental health.
- Ulysses, hero of The Odyssey: “I continually desire and
long to return home.”
- “Ulysses Syndrome”
is the most complex syndrome within migratory grief.
que es el duelo migratorio
the emotional answer when faced with migration
psychological and social
duelo complejo
when a set of
situations - such as social circumstances - make the
migration process difficult, as well as the processing of losses resulting from it. It can endanger mental health, and may lead to the development of Ulysses syndrome. This is usually the most frequent.
duelo simpel
when migration takes place in
good conditions. The person finds himself in an inclusive
environment that facilitates his migration project: finding
work, housing, a social network, etc. It is the least common.
el sindrome de ulises
presented to migrants when they are living in adverse situations - alone, exluded, scared, defenseless
estresores o factores que dan
lugar al Síndrome de Ulises
- forced separation
- feelings of desperation
- absence of opportunities
- fight for your survival
- fear living in displacement
Características del Duelo Migratorio
1) Es un duelo partial.
2) Es un duelo reoccuring.
3) Duelo múltiple.
4) La persona suele vivir en una
ambivalencia. ambivilant
etapas del duelo migratorio
luna de miel
depresiva
adaptacion
rejection of their original culture
como enfrentar el duelo migratorio
accept your feelings bae
social support
allow time to adjust
desplazados internos
forced out of their home because of effects of a war, violence, violations of rights, natural disasters, causas ambientales
migration system
- reunification of family
- labor or student
- humanitarian
- lottery
teoria macroeconomicas
pulled by economic factors on a big scale (family). employment and economic development
teorías microeconomicas
cost benefit analysis - reason for moving
maximize wellbeing
individual level
push pull
factors that make a person want to migrate weighed by the reasons not abandon their home and characteristics of their new country
teoria de las redes
social networks, family, communities
networks facilitate migration
enfoque transnacional
the migrants maintain links with the origin country similar and continue their their identity
integracion
adapt and participate in society
maintain cultural identity
multiculturalismo
migrants maintain links with their origin country - participate with the social, economic and political networks of both places
asimilation
adopt values, customs, practices, and abandon their cultural practices
inclusion
equal access to opportunities, resources.
