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Migracion y derechos humanos > Vocabulario de Migración - Prueba > Flashcards

Vocabulario de Migración - Prueba Flashcards

1
Q

Movilidad Humana ( Human Mobility)

A

A key concept to understand the international and internal migration. Also the migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers.

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2
Q

migrant

A

any every person that is outside of their origin country for residency purposes

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3
Q

irregular migrant

A

irregular entry or over staying

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4
Q

Refugiado (refugee)

A

a person that fears persecution because of race, religion, nationality, social group, political opinions. They look outside of their country of nationality for protection - Geneva convention 1951
UNHCR

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5
Q

Declaración de Cartagena de 1984 - definition of refugee

A

people who have fled their countries because their life, security, liberty have been threatened by widespread violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violation of human rights or other circumstances that have disrupted public order

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6
Q

solicitante de asilo (asylum seeker)

A

a person who is claiming refugee status whose application is under assessment by the new nation

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7
Q

Protección complementaria o subsidiary protection

A

legal mechanisms intended to protect and grant refugee status to persons in need of international protection who does not meet refugee status
- article 22 number 8 of the American convention on Human rights

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8
Q

HET - hijos de extranjeros transeúntes

A

in 2014 the ministry of the interior and public security modified the interpretation of the HET concept, restricting its application only to children of tourists, crew members, stopped considering the irregular migratory status of the parents.
- Children born of irregular migrants

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9
Q

apátrida - stateless

A

article 1 of the convention of state of stateless persons - it refers to any person who is not recognized as a citizen of any sate

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10
Q

Tráfico de Migrantes- Trafficking Migrants

A

the facilitation of the illegal entrance of migrants trafficking by land, sea, air

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11
Q

Trata de personas - trafficking in persons

A

the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons by means of threats, force, or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception abuse of power, payments for the purpose of prostitution, sexual exploitation, forced labour, slavery, organ removal

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12
Q

NNA no acompañado

A

separated from two parents and other guardians without being under the care of adults who by law or custom has that responsibility

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13
Q

NNA separada - separated

A

separated from both parents or legal guardians but not from other relatives

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14
Q

flujo de migratorio mixto (zona gris) - the follow of migration

A

flows that originate from various causes and include migrants for economic or environmental reasons, regular or irregular situation, asylum seeker, refugees, victims of trafficking, unaccompanied children and adolescents

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15
Q

desplazamiento interno - internal displacement

A

a person or groups of people that have been forced to leave their homes because of an armed conflict, general violent situations, the rights of humans, natural disasters or man-made - not technically international yet (crossed borders)

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16
Q

derecho de circulación residencia

A

every person that has the right to move freely and to choose their residence in the territory of a state
- person has the right to leave any country including their own and return back to their country
- article 12 of the universal declaration de humans rights

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17
Q

¿Qué son los derechos humanos?

A

According to the United Nations, humans rights are attributes inherent to all human beings without discrimination of any kind such as nationality, place of residence sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language, gender. we all share the same rights. these are interrelated, interdependent and indivisible

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18
Q

el desarrollo de la doctrina

A

stages:
1. individual rights:
2. social rights
3. community rights
4. rights of the citizens

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19
Q

principios fundamentales del derecho internacional de los human rights

A
  1. non discrimination
  2. no criminalization of irregular migrants
  3. reunified families
  4. child interests
  5. life and development ( due process - laws to protect the person)
  6. right of being heard - free movement - right to migrate
    7.no devolución - transfer of power to a lower level (delegate)
  7. right to a nationality
  8. principio pro homine
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20
Q

fuentes de ddhh

A

treaties, conventions, pacts, principles, jurisprudence, general observations

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21
Q

derechos del individuo

A

liberties, civil, and political rights

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22
Q

social rights

A

economic, social, cultural rights

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23
Q

derechos de los pueblos

A

rights to clear and transparent information, participation, decision making, respect and recognition - community autonomy

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23
Q

derechos de los sujetos

A

women, workers, migrants, NNA, disabled people

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24
Q

obligaciones de los estados en derechos humanos

A
  1. respetar - respect
  2. garantizar - guarantee
  3. proteger - protect
  4. cooperar - cooperate
25
Q

marco conceptual para el proceso de desarrollo humano

A

based on international human rights standards, promotion and protection of human rights

26
Q

enfoque de derechos y cambio de paradigma ( rights based approach and paradigm shift)

A

understood inter-disciplinarily and inter-institutionally
social inclusion
subject of social policies are the same
achieve the materialization of human rights
the heart of the social policies are people and groups

27
Q

non-discrimination

A

no progress can be made at the expense of excluded groups

28
Q

non regressive

A

there is no room for regression in terms of guarantees and investments

29
Q

los programas sociales y los derechos humanos

A

who are the right holders and what are they entitled to
strengthen those rights

30
Q

declaración Universal de DDHH

A

articulo 1: every human is born free, equal in dignity and rights
articulo 2: every person has all of the rights declared in this declaration without discrimination
articulo 7: all are equal before the law and are equally protected before the law

31
Q

Denuncia ante autoridad administrativa (complaint before the administrative authority)

A

pdi reports a foreiger to the national immigration service for violating law number 21325 - unauthorized border crossing
1. person detained
2. reporting your own irregular entry
3. cannot prove their regular entry with evidence

32
Q

explusiones - expulsions

A

return of a foreigner to their origin country.
1. administrative: presentation of defenses
2. judicial: ordered by a judge - prison sentence

33
Q

ingresos por pasos no habilitados (IPNH)

A

IPNH are people who have entered the country without authorization by the state. records of carabineros of the illegally detained and PDI
1. irregular income: enter chile through unauthorized places
2. exceptions: doesn’t consider children

34
Q

Necesidades Específicas de Protección

A

This category groups the characteristics of refugee or displaced groups or individuals who face increased protection risks due to their circumstances or context. due to discrimination, their identity or other
factors that prevent them from exercising their rights or accessing the services they need.

35
Q

institucionalidad migratoria

A

ministry of the interior
sub-secretary of the interior
national migration service
advisors of political migration
police authority - control migrants
ministerio de rree: receive,
resolve and grant requests for
prior authorizations or temporary stay visas
● Verify authenticity of
documents
● Resolve and grant official residence permits when
appropriate

36
Q

Sistema de Visados de Chile: Nueva Ley de Migración y Extranjería

A

Chile’s Immigration and Foreigners Act 21,325 has introduced significant changes to the country’s visa system.
establishes a more structured and detailed regulatory framework for migration management. the system covers various migration categories, including temporary residence, temporary residence, and permanent residence, each designed to meet the different needs and situations of foreigners who wish to enter or remain in Chile

37
Q

types of permits

A
  1. transit
  2. official residence
  3. temporary
  4. definitive residence
  5. nacionalization
38
Q

subcategories of permites

A
  1. migrants on the border zone
  2. entry under condition
  3. residence for a mission
39
Q

el duelo

A

a normal reaction before a loss

40
Q

del duelo migratorio

A

migrating as a complex grief, and a risk factor for mental health.
- Ulysses, hero of The Odyssey: “I continually desire and
long to return home.”
- “Ulysses Syndrome”
is the most complex syndrome within migratory grief.

41
Q

que es el duelo migratorio

A

the emotional answer when faced with migration
psychological and social

42
Q

duelo complejo

A

when a set of
situations - such as social circumstances - make the
migration process difficult, as well as the processing of losses resulting from it. It can endanger mental health, and may lead to the development of Ulysses syndrome. This is usually the most frequent.

42
Q

duelo simpel

A

when migration takes place in
good conditions. The person finds himself in an inclusive
environment that facilitates his migration project: finding
work, housing, a social network, etc. It is the least common.

43
Q

el sindrome de ulises

A

presented to migrants when they are living in adverse situations - alone, exluded, scared, defenseless

43
Q

estresores o factores que dan
lugar al Síndrome de Ulises

A
  • forced separation
  • feelings of desperation
  • absence of opportunities
  • fight for your survival
  • fear living in displacement
43
Q

Características del Duelo Migratorio

A

1) Es un duelo partial.
2) Es un duelo reoccuring.
3) Duelo múltiple.
4) La persona suele vivir en una
ambivalencia. ambivilant

44
Q

etapas del duelo migratorio

A

luna de miel
depresiva
adaptacion
rejection of their original culture

44
Q

como enfrentar el duelo migratorio

A

accept your feelings bae
social support
allow time to adjust

45
Q

desplazados internos

A

forced out of their home because of effects of a war, violence, violations of rights, natural disasters, causas ambientales

46
Q

migration system

A
  1. reunification of family
  2. labor or student
  3. humanitarian
  4. lottery
47
Q

teoria macroeconomicas

A

pulled by economic factors on a big scale (family). employment and economic development

48
Q

teorías microeconomicas

A

cost benefit analysis - reason for moving
maximize wellbeing
individual level

49
Q

push pull

A

factors that make a person want to migrate weighed by the reasons not abandon their home and characteristics of their new country

50
Q

teoria de las redes

A

social networks, family, communities
networks facilitate migration

51
Q

enfoque transnacional

A

the migrants maintain links with the origin country similar and continue their their identity

52
Q

integracion

A

adapt and participate in society
maintain cultural identity

53
Q

multiculturalismo

A

migrants maintain links with their origin country - participate with the social, economic and political networks of both places

54
Q

asimilation

A

adopt values, customs, practices, and abandon their cultural practices

55
Q

inclusion

A

equal access to opportunities, resources.

Migracion y derechos humanos (3 decks)

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