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TOEFL > Vocab1 > Flashcards

Vocab1 Flashcards

1
Q

whirr

A

hum, buzz, drone, whine

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2
Q

seeming

A

perceived, apparent, supposed, alleged

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3
Q

target

A

prey, quarry, victim, kill

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4
Q

ancient

A

primitive, primordial, prehistoric, primal, primeval

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5
Q

throng

A

multitude, crowd, mass, swarm, horde

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6
Q

mainly

A

particularly, chiefly, predominantly, mostly

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7
Q

feel

A

undergo, experience, endure, go through

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8
Q

harsh

A

strict, rigid, severe, firm, stern

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9
Q

assorted

A

diverse, varied, sundry, different, dissimilar

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10
Q

describe

A

set forth, present, propose, submit, lay out

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11
Q

affected

A

touched, altered, influenced, changed

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12
Q

idea

A

theory, hypothesis, concept, belief, impression, opinion, perception

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13
Q

pinch

A

squeeze, clutch, grip, grasp, wring, compress, constrict

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14
Q

period

A

duration, time, interval, extent, length

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15
Q

group

A

sort arrange, organize, classify, rank, separate

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16
Q

fine

A

exquisite, beautiful, superb, lovely

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17
Q

patch

A

spot, area, space, piece

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18
Q

shock

A

impact, crash, collision, blow

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19
Q

generation

A

era, time, epoch, period, age

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20
Q

prime

A

principal, main, major, chief, primary, key, foremost

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21
Q

cloudiness

A

vagueness, ambiguousness, generalization, obscurity, blurriness

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22
Q

remainder

A

residue, deposit, remains, rest

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23
Q

dead

A

inorganic, lifeless, non-living, inert

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24
Q

pound

A

strike, beat, hammer, knock, smash

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25
Q

set off

A

partitioned, divided, separated, split, segregate

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26
Q

pioneer

A

precursor, forerunner, ancestor, predecessor, antecedent

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27
Q

interconnected

A

cohesive, unified, consistent, solid, organized, interrelated

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28
Q

portion

A

fragment, piece, section, part

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29
Q

chop up

A

chop, cut, slice, hack, ax, sever, split

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30
Q

investigate

A

survey, review, study, look over

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31
Q

thing

A

substance, matter, material, essence, element

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32
Q

viable

A

feasible, practical, workable, possible

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33
Q

in unison

A

concerted, together, concentrated, as one

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34
Q

leading

A

dominant, prevalent, principal, main, central

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35
Q

curiously

A

peculiarly, abnormally, unusually, strangely

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36
Q

inter-reliant

A

interdependent, co-dependent, mutually dependent

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37
Q

substance

A

matter, material, essence, thing, element

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38
Q

obsolete

A

out-of-date, outdated, archaic, outmoded, old-fashioned

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39
Q

consummate

A

outright, absolute, straightforward, unequivocal, utter

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40
Q

pierce

A

bite, lacerate, wound, gnaw, chew, eat

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41
Q

correlate

A

associate, connect, link, relate

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42
Q

leisurely

A

unhurried, easy, relaxed, slow

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43
Q

gentle

A

benign, amiable, benevolent, favorable, friendly, genial, good

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44
Q

pen

A

write, compose, draft, draw up, jot down, ink

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45
Q

arbitrary

A

random, haphazard, by chance, unsystematic

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46
Q

faint

A

distorted, indistinct, unclear, hazy, imprecise, vague

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47
Q

alter

A

adjust, regulate, adapt, amend, change

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48
Q

shocking

A

jolting, surprising, astounding, astonishing

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49
Q

burgeon

A

flourish, thrive, grow, prosper, do well, boom, increase

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50
Q

indication

A

trace, fragment, hint, particle

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51
Q

pallid

A

pale, light, colorless, faint

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52
Q

elaborate

A

complex, complicated, intricate, detailed, sophisticated

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53
Q

favored

A

preferential, preferred, privileged, chosen

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54
Q

rustic

A

provincial, pastoral, rural, small-town

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55
Q

inherent

A

intrinsic, central, built-in, basic, fundamental

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56
Q

new

A

innovative, inventive, creative, pioneering, novel

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57
Q

heavy in

A

rich, in full of, abounding, plentiful, loaded with

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58
Q

taken in

A

embraced, welcomed, accepted, adopted

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59
Q

disseminated

A

distributed, dispersed, spread, circulated, scattered, strewn

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60
Q

perimeter

A

fringe, peripheral, marginal, hem, edge

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61
Q

versatile

A

adaptable, adroit, facile, mobile

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62
Q

increase

A

amplify, intensify, magnify, augment

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63
Q

necessary

A

compulsory, mandatory, commanded, required

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64
Q

blow up

A

blast, shoot, discharge, explode

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65
Q

belie

A

confute, contradict, deny, disaffirm, disagree, negate, repudiate

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66
Q

obscurity

A

vagueness, ambiguousness, generalization, cloudiness, blurriness

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67
Q

gather

A

accumulate, build up, mount up, accrue, collect, amass

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68
Q

tracked

A

traced, trailed, followed, locate

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69
Q

present

A

provide, offer, supply, grant, grant, give

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70
Q

continuation

A

subsistence, survival, life

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71
Q

progress

A

evolve, develop, change, advance, go forward

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72
Q

ink

A

pen, write, compose, draft, draw up, jot down

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73
Q

enlist

A

recruit, employ, take on, draft, engage, hire, sign up

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74
Q

phenomenal

A

extraordinary, exceptional, unique, unparalleled

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75
Q

solidly

A

densely, thickly, tightly, compactly, closely, heavily

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76
Q

mortal

A

fatal, deadly, lethal, incurable, terminal, grave, critical

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77
Q

adapt

A

modify, alter, change, transform

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78
Q

bear

A

tolerate, stand, abide, endure

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79
Q

wear down

A

erode, wear away, corrode

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80
Q

next

A

subsequently, later, consequently, afterward

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81
Q

indiscernibly

A

imperceptibly, unnoticeably, barely, faintly, undetectably

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82
Q

disprove

A

refute, contest, rebut, dispute, counter

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83
Q

say

A

proclaim, declare, state, announce

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84
Q

absent

A

not present, missing, omitted, devoid of

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85
Q

severe

A

strict, harsh, rigid, firm, stern

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86
Q

facility

A

capacity, ability, capability, aptitude, faculty, competence

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87
Q

awareness

A

consciousness, realization, notice, perception

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88
Q

distant

A

far-flung, remote, far away, outlying, isolated

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89
Q

appropriate

A

suited, right, fit, apt

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90
Q

practically

A

virtually, almost, nearly, effectively

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91
Q

pretentious

A

ostentatious, conceited, exaggerated, showy

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92
Q

gain

A

output, production, productivity, yield, turnout

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93
Q

different

A

diverse, varied, assorted, sundry, dissimilar

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94
Q

indulge

A

cater to, pamper, accommodate, provide, furnish

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95
Q

be noticeable

A

stand out, be obvious, be conspicuous, stick out

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96
Q

varied

A

diverse, assorted, sundry, different, dissimilar

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97
Q

assortment

A

diversity, variety, mixture

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98
Q

pass

A

overtake, outdo, surpass, exceed

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99
Q

put up

A

erect, build, construct, raise

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100
Q

doctrine

A

dogma, creed, belief

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101
Q

allure

A

appeal, attraction, charm, attractiveness, charisma

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102
Q

initiate

A

spawn, generate, produce, create

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103
Q

appeal to

A

draw, attract, lure, entice, bring in, pull

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104
Q

coverage

A

insulator, cover, protection, layer

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105
Q

cinder

A

ember, ash, glowing coal, hot coal, spark

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106
Q

belief

A

dogma, creed, doctrine

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107
Q

aspiring

A

ambitious, desiring, hopeful

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108
Q

theoretical

A

supposed, thought, believed, hypothetical

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109
Q

frank

A

straightforward, direct, clear-cut, uncomplicated

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110
Q

exceptional

A

phenomenal, extraordinary, unique, unparalleled

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111
Q

legitimately

A

officially, formally, publicly, authoritatively, on the record

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112
Q

predominantly

A

particularly, chiefly, mainly, mostly

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113
Q

exhibit

A

flash, brandish, expose, show

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114
Q

complex

A

elaborate, complicated, intricate, detailed, sophisticated

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115
Q

institution

A

organization, establishment, beginning, start

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116
Q

contradict

A

belie, confute, deny, disaffirm, disagree, negate, repudiate

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117
Q

collection

A

hoard, store, stockpile, cache, amassment

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118
Q

merge

A

combine, join, blend, unite

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119
Q

fluctuation

A

flux, change, instability, unrest

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120
Q

ignite

A

kindle, burn, inflame, light, set fire

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121
Q

majority

A

mass, many, bulk

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122
Q

exemplar

A

exponent, example, model, representative, sample, specimen

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123
Q

studded

A

dotted, dappled, peppered, sprinkled

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124
Q

pamper

A

cater to, indulge, accommodate, provide, furnish

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125
Q

complex

A

sophisticated, complicated, refined, advanced

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126
Q

pair

A

equate, liken, associate, match

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127
Q

traveling

A

itinerant, roving, wandering, roaming, nomadic

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128
Q

clear

A

manifest, obvious, patent, apparent, evident

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129
Q

categorize

A

classify, sort, catalogue, group

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130
Q

operate

A

employ, use, utilize, make use of, occupy, exploit

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131
Q

shoot up

A

sprout, grow, develop, burgeon, spring up

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132
Q

enhance

A

build up, improve, augment, develop, boost

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133
Q

develop

A

enhance, build up, improve, augment, boost

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134
Q

figurative

A

symbolic, representative, emblematic, representational

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135
Q

better

A

surpass, exceed, outdo, go beyond, beat, outperform

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136
Q

improve

A

enhance, build up, augment, develop, boost

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137
Q

deficient

A

lacking, scarce, under-provided, incomplete, insufficient

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138
Q

rush

A

flow, continue, glide, move, pass, proceed, progress

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139
Q

smash

A

strike, beat, hammer, knock, pound

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140
Q

unnoticeably

A

imperceptibly, indiscernibly, barely, faintly, undetectably

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141
Q

precipitate

A

lead to, bring on, cause, trigger, lead to

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142
Q

fragrance

A

scent, smell, aroma, essence, perfume

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143
Q

method

A

technique, system, practice, procedure, tactic

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144
Q

imitate

A

copy, replicate, duplicate, reproduce

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145
Q

timid

A

hesitant, uncertain, cautious, tentative, diffident

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146
Q

grow smaller

A

contract, decrease, reduce, tighten, tauten

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147
Q

surpass

A

exceed, top, go beyond, go above

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148
Q

beginning

A

institution, organization, establishment, start

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149
Q

from the sky

A

aerial, atmospheric, from above

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150
Q

prevail

A

dominate, triumph, succeed, overcome

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151
Q

skillful

A

skilled, accomplished, expert, capable, talented

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152
Q

remembrance

A

recollection, memory, reminiscence

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153
Q

principal

A

dominant, prevalent, main, leading, central

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154
Q

instinctive

A

inborn, innate, natural, intuitive, congenital, inherent

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155
Q

inhabitant

A

dweller, resident, occupant, tenant

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156
Q

belief

A

tenet, principle, theory, precept, rule, opinion, view, ideology

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157
Q

be conspicuous

A

stand out, be obvious, stick out, be noticeable

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158
Q

reveal

A

impart, share, confer, convey, grant, give, disclose, divulge

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159
Q

considerably

A

sharply, drastically, radically, severely

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160
Q

particularly

A

massively, very, extremely, extraordinarily

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161
Q

impression

A

notion, idea, view, concept, belief, opinion, perception

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162
Q

string

A

succession, series, sequence, chain, progression

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163
Q

intricate

A

elaborate, complex, complicated, detailed, sophisticated

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164
Q

secret

A

conceal, hide, cover, obscure, mask

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165
Q

sort of

A

moderately, fairly, reasonably, somewhat, more or less

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166
Q

surpass

A

exceed, better, outdo, go beyond, beat, outperform

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167
Q

demonstrated

A

illustrated, exemplified, portrayed, shown

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168
Q

random

A

arbitrary, haphazard, by chance, unsystematic

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169
Q

joint

A

collective, communal, combined, shared, united

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170
Q

turmoil

A

chaos, disorder, disorganization, disarray, confusion

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171
Q

production

A

proliferation, creation, increase, rise

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172
Q

drastically

A

sharply, radically, severely, considerably

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173
Q

stick out

A

stand out, be obvious, be conspicuous, be noticeable

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174
Q

spark

A

ember, cinder, ash, glowing coal, hot coal

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175
Q

outweigh

A

supersede, overshadow, prevail over, offset

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176
Q

top

A

exceed, surpass, go beyond, go above

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177
Q

capacity

A

volume, quantity, amount, size

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178
Q

alteration

A

adaptation, adjustment, change, variation

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179
Q

span

A

cover, bridge, extend over, reach over

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180
Q

straightforward

A

direct, clear-cut, frank, uncomplicated

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181
Q

absent

A

lacking, missing, deficient

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182
Q

generally

A

generically, commonly, collectively, universally, widely

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183
Q

competing

A

rival, opposing, contending, vying

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184
Q

corresponding

A

analogous, similar, parallel, comparable, like, related

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185
Q

disorder

A

chaos, disorganization, disarray, turmoil, confusion

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186
Q

growth

A

evolution, development, progress, progression, advancement, fruition

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187
Q

sensible

A

reasonable, equitable, fair, temperate, rational

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188
Q

dotted

A

studded, dappled, peppered, sprinkled

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189
Q

combine

A

merge, join, blend, unite

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190
Q

deviation

A

fluctuation, change, variation, alternation

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191
Q

capability

A

faculty, ability, aptitude, talent, competence, facility

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192
Q

trace

A

fragment, hint, indication, particle

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193
Q

restricted

A

limited, constricted, restrained, circumscribed

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194
Q

in danger

A

vulnerable, susceptible, exposed, weak, defenseless, open to

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195
Q

corresponding

A

coordinated, synchronized, harmonized, matched

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196
Q

propose

A

set forth, describe, present, submit, lay out

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197
Q

tightly

A

strongly, firmly, sturdily, robustly, stoutly

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198
Q

groundswell

A

wave, upsurge, surge, flood

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199
Q

visibly

A

obviously, apparently, noticeably, clearly, evidently

200
Q

utilitarian

A

useful, practical, serviceable, functional

201
Q

length

A

duration, time, period, interval, extent

202
Q

originate

A

date back to, go back to, begin, derive from

203
Q

separate

A

sort arrange, organize, classify, rank, group

204
Q

in essence

A

in effect, basically, more or less, essentially

205
Q

productive

A

prolific, fruitful, profuse, teeming, fertile

206
Q

group

A

gather, collect, pick, accumulate

207
Q

broad

A

eclectic, comprehensive, mixed, assorted, diverse, varied

208
Q

monotonous

A

mundane, ordinary, dull, routine, commonplace, boring

209
Q

convinced

A

confident, sure, certain, positive, secure

210
Q

transmit

A

dispatch, send away, ship, send off

211
Q

alter

A

revise, change, amend, modify, transform, adjust

212
Q

cover

A

façade, frontage, pretense, veneer, mask

213
Q

abounding

A

rich, in full of, plentiful, loaded with, heavy in

214
Q

reduce

A

diminish, lessen, decline, dwindle, decrease

215
Q

flammable

A

combustible, explosive, burnable

216
Q

observe

A

monitor, watch, supervise, examine, scrutinize, keep an eye on

217
Q

prey

A

quarry, victim, target, kill

218
Q

disorderly

A

turbulent, unstable, chaotic, tumultuous

219
Q

guarantee

A

insure, assure, ensure, promise

220
Q

enterprise

A

endeavor, venture, effort, attempt, undertaking

221
Q

rate

A

velocity, speed, rapidity, swiftness, pace, quickness

222
Q

view

A

tenet, principle, theory, belief, precept, rule, opinion, ideology

223
Q

give

A

impart, share, confer, convey, grant, reveal, disclose, divulge

224
Q

meager

A

sparse, bare, light, thin, scant, scarce, limited

225
Q

put together

A

integrate, incorporate, combine, assimilate, mix

226
Q

congenital

A

inborn, innate, natural, instinctive, intuitive, inherent

227
Q

essentially

A

basically, fundamentally, in essence, in effect, effectively

228
Q

patron

A

sponsor, fan, host, supporter

229
Q

trait

A

property, attribute, characteristic, feature, quality

230
Q

regarded

A

prized, valued, cherished, esteemed, precious, treasured

231
Q

tip

A

clue, sign, hint, evidence

232
Q

winding

A

sinuous, circuitous, coiling, convoluted, meandering, twisting

233
Q

victim

A

prey, quarry, target, kill

234
Q

chew

A

bite, lacerate, pierce, wound, gnaw, eat

235
Q

give

A

confer, bestow, present, grant, award

236
Q

singularly

A

exclusively, particularly, completely, solely

237
Q

craggy

A

rugged, rocky, rough, jagged, uneven

238
Q

practicability

A

viability, feasibility, possibility, capability

239
Q

utilize

A

use, exploit, employ, make use of, operate

240
Q

unstable

A

precarious, dangerous, insecure, hazardous

241
Q

cautious

A

hesitant, uncertain, tentative, timid, diffident

242
Q

procedure

A

technique, method, system, practice, tactic

243
Q

engage

A

take part in, take on, embark on, partake, participate

244
Q

corrode

A

erode, wear away, wear down

245
Q

questionable

A

suspect, doubtful, dubious, uncertain, unsure, iffy

246
Q

heavily

A

densely, thickly, tightly, compactly, closely, solidly

247
Q

consider

A

contemplate, think, reflect, ponder

248
Q

divulge

A

impart, share, confer, convey, grant, give, reveal, disclose

249
Q

conducive

A

profitable, beneficial, fruitful, lucrative, remunerative

250
Q

bound by

A

subject to, accountable, contingent, captive, vulnerable

251
Q

boost

A

enhance, build up, improve, augment, develop

252
Q

grow

A

flourish, thrive, burgeon, prosper, do well, boom, increase

253
Q

superb

A

exquisite, beautiful, fine, lovely

254
Q

despite

A

apart from, aside from, except for, excluding

255
Q

maneuver

A

manipulate, control, operate, direct

256
Q

area

A

front, field, domain

257
Q

incentive

A

stimulus, motivation, spur, impetus, momentum, force

258
Q

dispelled

A

dispersed, separated, scatter, spread out

259
Q

boost

A

boom, prosperity, gain, growth

260
Q

bit

A

remnant, trace, piece, leftovers, remainder

261
Q

belief

A

concept, idea, view, impression, perception

262
Q

to a certain degree

A

partly, in part, partially, somewhat

263
Q

cognizance

A

cognition, attention, awareness, comprehension

264
Q

illustrate

A

exhibit, show, display, reveal

265
Q

calculate

A

evaluate, assess, appraise, estimate, weigh up

266
Q

evince

A

mark, denote, designate, earmark, indicate, signify

267
Q

lay out

A

arrange, chart, design, plan, map

268
Q

contrast

A

difference, dissimilarity, disparity, distinction

269
Q

burn

A

kindle, ignite, inflame, light, set fire

270
Q

separated

A

dispersed, dispelled, scatter, spread out

271
Q

risky

A

hazardous, dangerous, perilous, unsafe, harmful

272
Q

trivial

A

meaningless, futile, hollow, insignificant, senseless

273
Q

insufficient

A

deficient, lacking, scarce, under-provided, incomplete

274
Q

more or less

A

moderately, fairly, reasonably, somewhat, sort of

275
Q

scandalously

A

notoriously, infamously, disreputably

276
Q

insufficiency

A

scarcity, shortage, lack, dearth, paucity

277
Q

decay

A

deteriorate, rot, fall apart, crumble, decompose

278
Q

assign

A

apply, administer, execute, implement

279
Q

realm

A

domain, area, field, sphere

280
Q

motivation

A

stimulus, incentive, spur, impetus, momentum, force

281
Q

stop

A

abolish, put an end to, end, do away with, eliminate, eradicate, getrid of

282
Q

spring up

A

sprout, grow, develop, burgeon, shoot up

283
Q

customarily

A

invariably, always, habitually, perpetually, consistently, regularly

284
Q

watch

A

monitor, observe, supervise, examine, scrutinize, keep an eye on

285
Q

yield

A

output, production, productivity, gain, turnout

286
Q

vision

A

apparition, phantom, specter, ghost

287
Q

diminutive

A

minuscule, tiny, small, meager, minute

288
Q

impending

A

imminent, looming, approaching

289
Q

strongly

A

firmly, tightly, sturdily, robustly, stoutly

290
Q

intangible

A

elusive, indefinable, mysterious, obscure

291
Q

all-embracing

A

overall, general, comprehensive, inclusive, global

292
Q

system

A

mechanism, device, instrument, apparatus, means, method

293
Q

sited

A

situated, located, positioned, placed

294
Q

rather

A

fairly, quite, moderately, somewhat, practically

295
Q

successive

A

subsequent, following, succeeding, ensuing, consequent

296
Q

organization

A

institution, establishment, beginning, start

297
Q

diminish

A

minimize, reduce, lessen, curtail, decrease

298
Q

chuck

A

hurl, throw, fling, toss, launch, heave

299
Q

suck up

A

absorb, soak up, take in

300
Q

susceptible

A

vulnerable, exposed, weak, defenseless, open to, in danger

301
Q

unraveled

A

unwound, destroyed, ruined, damaged

302
Q

course

A

trajectory, route, path, line, trail

303
Q

solely

A

exclusively, particularly, completely, singularly

304
Q

delicate

A

subtle, slight, faint, understated

305
Q

defeat

A

overcome, conquer, beat, prevail over, surmount, triumph over

306
Q

together

A

concerted, concentrated, in unison, as one

307
Q

apparent

A

discernible, perceptible, noticeable, distinct, evident

308
Q

chop

A

cut, chop up, slice, hack, ax, sever, split

309
Q

slow

A

gradual, steady, regular, ongoing, continuing

310
Q

dearth

A

shortage, lack, scarcity, deficiency, paucity

311
Q

remove

A

extract, take out, haul out, dig out, dig up

312
Q

scrutinize

A

monitor, watch, observe, supervise, examine, keep an eye on

313
Q

eradicate

A

eliminate, exterminate, remove, get rid of, wipe out

314
Q

chore

A

task, job, duty, responsibility, assignment, undertaking

315
Q

particular

A

peculiar, idiosyncratic, individual, distinctive, special, inimitable

316
Q

assignment

A

task, job, chore, duty, responsibility, undertaking

317
Q

blot out

A

hide, cover, secret, veil, mask

318
Q

vulnerable

A

subject to, accountable, bound by, contingent, captive

319
Q

refined

A

sophisticated, complicated, complex, advanced

320
Q

follow

A

conform, obey, adapt, accommodate, comply, mind, observe

321
Q

take on

A

engage, take part in, embark on, partake, participate

322
Q

predisposition

A

bias, prejudice, partiality, favoritism, preconception

323
Q

gather

A

collect, group, pick, accumulate

324
Q

support

A

foster, develop, nurture, promote, encourage, build up

325
Q

unsubstantial

A

evanescent, elusive, evasive, ambiguous, deceptive

326
Q

change

A

modify, alter, transform, adapt

327
Q

exceptional

A

unusual, special, extraordinary

328
Q

endeavor

A

enterprise, venture, effort, attempt, undertaking

329
Q

engage

A

recruit, employ, take on, draft, enlist, hire, sign up

330
Q

clarify

A

cast light on, illuminate, illustrate, elucidate, shed light on

331
Q

initiation

A

outbreak, start, beginning, eruption

332
Q

subject to

A

accountable, bound by, contingent, captive, vulnerable

333
Q

assume

A

adopt, take on, accept, welcome

334
Q

voice

A

emit, send out, transmit, give off, let off

335
Q

ambitious

A

aspiring, desiring, hopeful

336
Q

vital

A

crucial, critical, central, key, essential, fundamental, important

337
Q

scavenge

A

forage, hunt, seek, rummage, search

338
Q

proliferation

A

production, creation, increase, rise

339
Q

not present

A

absent, missing, omitted, devoid of

340
Q

inhabit

A

occupy, reside in, dwell in, live in

341
Q

perceived

A

apparent, supposed, seeming, alleged

342
Q

barter

A

exchange, trade, negotiate, bargain

343
Q

maintained

A

preserved, conserved, protected, safeguarded

344
Q

emblematic

A

symbolic, representative, figurative, representational

345
Q

emphasize

A

highlight, stress, accentuate, call attention to, focus

346
Q

brisk

A

rapid, fast, quick, speedy, swift, hasty, hurried

347
Q

widespread

A

prevalent, common, rife, rampant, ubiquitous

348
Q

redirect

A

to change the course or direction of something

349
Q

bound

A

caged, captive, confined, penned, restricted

350
Q

missing

A

lacking, absent, deficient

351
Q

pool

A

reservoir, storage, tank, basin

352
Q

abnormal

A

odd, strange, unusual, weird, peculiar

353
Q

insure

A

guarantee, assure, ensure, promise

354
Q

confirmed

A

validated, authenticated, corroborated, supported

355
Q

vicinity

A

hinterland, neighborhood, surrounding area

356
Q

standardize

A

make uniform, make the same, homogenize, conform

357
Q

subject (to)

A

dependent, reliant, contingent, controlled by

358
Q

rival

A

competing, opposing, contending, vying

359
Q

comprehension

A

cognition, attention, awareness, cognizance

360
Q

mount

A

scale, climb, ascend

361
Q

adequately

A

sufficiently, passably, satisfactorily, tolerably

362
Q

heart

A

core, center, corpus, foundation, root

363
Q

alternate

A

fluctuate, change, deviate, vary, alter

364
Q

counterpart

A

equivalent, equal, correspondent, complement, partner

365
Q

conquer

A

overcome, defeat, beat, prevail over, surmount, triumph over

366
Q

transmit

A

emit, send out, give off, voice, let off

367
Q

organize

A

sort arrange, classify, rank, group, separate

368
Q

critical

A

fatal, deadly, lethal, incurable, terminal, mortal, grave

369
Q

gradual

A

steady, regular, ongoing, slow, continuing

370
Q

perceptible

A

discernible, apparent, noticeable, distinct, evident

371
Q

even

A

proportioned, regular, balanced, symmetrical

372
Q

attribute to

A

ascribe, to assign, credit

373
Q

disposal

A

removal, discarding, dumping

374
Q

nonacceptance

A

resistance, opposition, defiance, refusal

375
Q

mold

A

shape, sculpt, form, fashion, construct, create, produce, make

376
Q

away from

A

beyond, further than, past, ahead of

377
Q

conversion

A

transplantation, transference, transmission, conveyance, transfer

378
Q

clumsy

A

awkward, inept, ungainly, gauche

379
Q

acquire

A

obtain, get, gain, attain

380
Q

bare

A

exposed, uncovered, disclosed, revealed

381
Q

ooze

A

trickle, down flow down, drip, filter

382
Q

overpower

A

overwhelm, overcome, defeat, prevail over

383
Q

facile

A

versatile, adaptable, adroit, mobile

384
Q

effort

A

endeavor, enterprise, venture, attempt, undertaking

385
Q

commit

A

devote, dedicate, offer, give

386
Q

glimpse

A

glance, fleeting look, quick look, peek

387
Q

firm

A

company, organization, group, business, enterprise

388
Q

mandatory

A

compulsory, commanded, required, necessary

389
Q

record (v)

A

register, log, chronicle

390
Q

ahead of

A

beyond, further than, past, away from

391
Q

bring on

A

precipitate, lead to, cause, trigger, lead to

392
Q

govern

A

regulate, rule, impose, reign

393
Q

authenticated

A

proven, affirmed, documented, substantiated

394
Q

liquified

A

molten, melted, dissolved

395
Q

beautiful

A

exquisite, fine, superb, lovely

396
Q

destroy

A

demolish, raze, wreck, annihilate, ruin

397
Q

exhaustion

A

fatigue, tiredness, weariness, weakness

398
Q

predecessor

A

ancestor, forebear, forerunner, antecedent, precursor

399
Q

impact

A

crash, collision, shock, blow

400
Q

negate

A

belie, confute, contradict, deny, disaffirm, disagree, repudiate

401
Q

element

A

particle, unit, constituent, part, speck

402
Q

rush

A

scramble, move quickly, scuttle, jostle

403
Q

plain

A

evident, obvious, apparent, clear, manifest

404
Q

present

A

confer, bestow, grant, give, award

405
Q

consistent

A

cohesive, unified, solid, interconnected, organized, interrelated

406
Q

boring

A

mundane, ordinary, dull, routine, monotonous, commonplace

407
Q

spread out

A

dispersed, separated, dispelled, scatter

408
Q

rooted

A

embedded, entrenched, implanted, set in, fixed

409
Q

misleading

A

deceptive, ambiguous, confusing, false

410
Q

exasperatingly

A

frustratingly, infuriatingly, nauseatingly, annoyingly

411
Q

break

A

shatter, smash, splinter, destroy

412
Q

preserved

A

conserved, maintained, protected, safeguarded

413
Q

central

A

intrinsic, inherent, built-in, basic, fundamental

414
Q

bountiful

A

abundant, plentiful, copious, profuse, ample

415
Q

peculiar

A

idiosyncratic, individual, distinctive, particular, special, inimitable

416
Q

compose

A

pen, write, draft, draw up, jot down, ink

417
Q

lack

A

shortage, dearth, scarcity, deficiency, paucity

418
Q

spur

A

stimulus, incentive, motivation, impetus, momentum, force

419
Q

hoard

A

compile, amass, accumulate, collect, assemble, gather

420
Q

numerous

A

innumerable, countless, infinite, immeasurable

421
Q

utter

A

outright, absolute, consummate, straightforward, unequivocal

422
Q

progress

A

flow, continue, glide, move, pass, proceed, rush

423
Q

designate

A

single out, choose, decide on, finger

424
Q

emanate

A

emerge, come out, appear, materialize, become known, originate

425
Q

flow

A

continue, glide, move, pass, proceed, progress, rush

426
Q

deviate

A

vary, change, alternate, fluctuate

427
Q

place

A

status, position, social standing, standing

428
Q

destruction

A

devastation, damage, desolation

429
Q

deadly

A

fatal, lethal, incurable, terminal, mortal, grave, critical

430
Q

sure

A

confident, certain, positive, convinced, secure

431
Q

amplify

A

intensify, increase, magnify, augment

432
Q

forerunner

A

ancestor, forebear, antecedent, precursor, predecessor

433
Q

start

A

institution, organization, establishment, beginning

434
Q

disaffirm

A

belie, confute, contradict, deny, disagree, negate, repudiate

435
Q

lighten

A

ease, lessen, reduce, alleviate, cheer up, improve, lift

436
Q

seize

A

grasp, clutch, grab, grip, take hold of

437
Q

inclusive

A

overall, general, all-embracing, comprehensive, global

438
Q

precept

A

principle, theory, belief, rule, opinion, view, ideology

439
Q

equip

A

provide, furnish, outfit, endow, supply

440
Q

ingredient

A

constituent, element, component, part

441
Q

infuriatingly

A

frustratingly, exasperatingly, nauseatingly, annoyingly

442
Q

finger

A

single out, choose, decide on, designate

443
Q

explosive

A

combustible, flammable, burnable

444
Q

compress

A

squeeze, clutch, grip, grasp, wring, constrict, pinch

445
Q

abide

A

tolerate, stand, bear, endure

446
Q

vary

A

change, alternate, deviate, fluctuate

447
Q

operate

A

manipulate, control, maneuver, direct

448
Q

debate

A

reason, argue, discuss, persuade

449
Q

colorless

A

pale, light, pallid, faint

450
Q

convey

A

share, transmit, express, communicate, put across

451
Q

dogma

A

creed, doctrine, belief

452
Q

transplantation

A

transference, conversion, transmission, conveyance, transfer

453
Q

perception

A

notion, idea, view, concept, belief, impression, opinion

454
Q

inept

A

clumsy, awkward, ungainly, gauche

455
Q

satisfactorily

A

sufficiently, adequately, amply, suitably, effectively

456
Q

heavy

A

ponderous, weighty, unwieldy, cumbersome, bulky, hefty

457
Q

interrelated

A

cohesive, unified, consistent, solid, interconnected, organized

458
Q

routine

A

mundane, ordinary, dull, monotonous, commonplace, boring

459
Q

amass

A

accumulate, build up, mount up, accrue, gather, collect

460
Q

common

A

prevalent, widespread, rife, rampant, ubiquitous

461
Q

kindle

A

burn, ignite, inflame, light, set fire

462
Q

quickness

A

velocity, speed, rate, rapidity, swiftness, pace

463
Q

favoritism

A

bias, prejudice, partiality, predisposition, preconception

464
Q

fashion

A

mold, shape, sculpt, form, construct, create, produce, make

465
Q

set fire

A

kindle, burn, ignite, inflame, light

466
Q

like

A

analogous, similar, parallel, corresponding, comparable, related

467
Q

transport

A

channel, guide, carry, conduct, direct, funnel, pipe, route, send

468
Q

hone in

A

home in, zoom in, pinpoint, focus

469
Q

not moving

A

immobile, motionless, stationary, still

470
Q

blow

A

impact, crash, collision, shock

471
Q

balance

A

equilibrium, symmetry, stability

472
Q

novel

A

innovative, inventive, creative, pioneering, new

473
Q

present

A

set forth, describe, propose, submit, lay out

474
Q

precise

A

literal, exact, accurate, factual, perfect

475
Q

prevail over

A

outweigh, supersede, overshadow, offset

476
Q

colossus

A

mammoth, behemoth, titan, giant

477
Q

parcel

A

plot, allotment, area, division, land, patch, piece

478
Q

representational

A

symbolic, representative, figurative, emblematic

479
Q

funnel

A

channel, guide, carry, conduct, direct, pipe, route, send, transport

480
Q

equate

A

pair, liken, associate, match

481
Q

lacerate

A

bite, pierce, wound, gnaw, chew, eat

482
Q

stability

A

equilibrium, balance, symmetry

483
Q

ambiguous

A

vague, cloudy, unclear, uncertain

484
Q

stress

A

emphasize, highlight, accentuate, call attention to, focus

485
Q

deride

A

mock, ridicule, tease, make fun of, scorn, scoff at

486
Q

captive

A

subject to, accountable, bound by, contingent, vulnerable

487
Q

capability

A

capacity, ability, aptitude, faculty, competence, facility

488
Q

theory

A

idea, hypothesis, concept, belief, impression, opinion, perception

489
Q

display

A

reflect, reveal, indicate, expose, show, manifest

490
Q

principle

A

precept, theory, belief, rule, opinion, view, ideology

491
Q

symbolic

A

representative, figurative, emblematic, representational

492
Q

share

A

impart, confer, convey, grant, give, reveal, disclose, divulge

493
Q

functional

A

utilitarian, useful, practical, serviceable

494
Q

practical

A

utilitarian, useful, serviceable, functional

495
Q

aroma

A

scent, smell, essence, fragrance, perfume

TOEFL (6 decks)

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