Vocab Unit 7 1,2,3,4,5,12

Question 1

Biogeography

Answer 1

the branch of biology that deals with the geographical distribution of plants and animals

Question 2

Natural Selection

Answer 2

the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change

Question 3

Biotic Factors

Answer 3

a living organism that shapes its environment.

Question 4

Descent With Modification

Answer 4

the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor.

Question 5

Competition

Answer 5

the direct or indirect interaction of organisms that leads to a change in fitness when the organisms share the same resource.

Question 6

Selective Pressures

Answer 6

external agents which affect an organism’s ability to survive in a given environment.

Question 7

Adaptations

Answer 7

any heritable trait that helps an organism, such as a plant or animal, survive and reproduce in its environment.

Question 8

Phenotype

Answer 8

The observable characteristics in an individual resulting from the expression of genes

Question 9

Genotype

Answer 9

a scoring of the type of variant present at a given location (i.e., a locus) in the genome.

Question 10

Artificial Selection

Answer 10

the identification by humans of desirable traits in plants and animals, and the steps taken to enhance and perpetuate those traits in future generations.

Question 11

Mutation

Answer 11

is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism.

Question 12

Population

Answer 12

a group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time.

Question 13

Gene Pool

Answer 13

the combination of all the genes (including alleles) present in a reproducing population or species.

Question 14

Fixed

Answer 14

a chemical treatment of tissue or Cells that results in preservation.

Question 15

Genetic Drift

Answer 15

a mechanism of evolution characterized by random fluctuations in the frequency of a particular version of a gene (allele) in a population.

Question 16

Bottleneck Effect

Answer 16

an extreme example of genetic drift that happens when the size of a population is severely reduced.

Question 17

Founder Effect

Answer 17

the reduction in genomic variability that occurs when a small group of individuals becomes separated from a larger population.

Question 18

Gene Flow

Answer 18

the introduction of genetic material (by interbreeding) from one population of a species to another

Question 19

Directional Selection

Answer 19

when individuals with traits on one side of the mean in their population survive better or reproduce more than those on the other.

Question 20

Stabilizing Selection

Answer 20

a type of natural selection in which genetic diversity decreases as the population stabilizes on a particular trait value.

Question 21

Disruptive Selection

Answer 21

when individuals of intermediate phenotype are less fit than those of both higher and lower phenotype, such that extremes are favored.

Question 22

Sexual Selection

Answer 22

the process by which individuals compete for access to mates and fertilization opportunities.

Question 23

Hardy Weinberg equilibrium

Answer 23

principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next