vocab test Flashcards
the accumulation of acids on earths surface
acid deposition
conversion of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides to acids that return to earth as rain, snow, or fog
acid precipitation
solar radiation captured with photovoltaic cells that convert light energy to electrical energy
active solar energy
concentration of trace substances such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and solid particulates, at a greater level than occurs in average air
air pollution
power supplied by animals or by people
animate power
the amount of oxygen required by aquatic bacteria to decompose a given load of organic waste; a measure of water pollution
biochemical oxygen demand
fuel derived from wood, plant material, or animal waste
biomass fuel
a location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another
break-of-bulk point
an industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises a greater volume than the inputs
bulk gaining industry
an industry in which the final product weighs less or comprises a lower volume than the inputs
bulk reducing industry
a gas used as a solvent, a propellant in aerosols, a refrigerant, and in plastic foams and fire extinguishers
chlorofluorocarbon
the use of water that evaporates rather than being returned to nature as a liquid
consumptive water usage
manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the industrial revolution
cottage industry
the quantity of something that people wish to consume and are able to buy
demand
the splitting of an atomic nucleus to release energy
fission
a form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly
Fordist production
an energy source formed from the residue of plants and animals buried millions of years ago
fossil fuel
creation of energy by joining the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms to from helium
fusion
energy from steam or hot water produces from hot or molten underground rocks
geothermal energy
shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed
just in time delivery
an industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses
labor-intensive indusrty
a factory built by a U.S. company in Mexico near the U.S. border, to take advantage of the much lower labor costs in mexico
maquiladora
transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid, less-skilled workers from more developed to less developed countries
new international division of labor
the use of water that is returned to nature as a liquid
nonconsumptive water usage
pollution that originates from a large, diffuse area
nonpoint-source pollution
source of energy that has a finite supply capable of being exhausted
nonrenewable energy
a decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers
outsourcing
a gas that absorbs ultraviolet solar radiation and is found in the stratosphere, a zone 15 to 50 kilometers above earth’s surface
ozone
solar energy systems that collect energy without the use of mechanical devices
passive solar energy systems
an atmospheric condition formed through a combination of weather conditions and pollution, especially from motor vehicle emissions
photochemical smog
pollution that enters a body of water from a specific source
point-source pollution
the concentration of waste added to air, water, or land at a greater level than occurs in average air, water, or land
pollution
adoption by companies of flexible work rules, such as the allocation of workers to teams that perform a variety of tasks
post-fordist production
the amount of a resource not yet identified but thought to exists
potential reserve
the amount of a resource remaining in discovered deposits
proven reserve
the separation collection processing marketing and reuse and new parts
recycling
the rebuilding of a product to the specifications of the original manufactured product using a combination of reused, repaired and new parts
remanufactoring
a source of energy that hs a theoretically unlimited supply and is not depleted when used by people
renewable energy
a u.s. law that prevents a union and a company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join the union as a condition of employment
right to work law
a place to deposit solid waste where a layer of earth is bulldozed over garbage each day to reduce emissions of gasses and odors from the decaying trash, to minimize fires, and to discourage vermin
sanitary landfill
location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside a plant such as land, labor, and capital
site factors
location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory
situation factors
the quantity of something that producers have available for sale
supply
an approach typical of traditional mass production in which a company controls all phases of a highly complex production process
vertical integration
