vocab test

Question 1

the accumulation of acids on earths surface

Answer 1

acid deposition

Question 2

conversion of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides to acids that return to earth as rain, snow, or fog

Answer 2

acid precipitation

Question 3

solar radiation captured with photovoltaic cells that convert light energy to electrical energy

Answer 3

active solar energy

Question 4

concentration of trace substances such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and solid particulates, at a greater level than occurs in average air

Answer 4

air pollution

Question 5

power supplied by animals or by people

Answer 5

animate power

Question 6

the amount of oxygen required by aquatic bacteria to decompose a given load of organic waste; a measure of water pollution

Answer 6

biochemical oxygen demand

Question 7

fuel derived from wood, plant material, or animal waste

Answer 7

biomass fuel

Question 8

a location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another

Answer 8

break-of-bulk point

Question 9

an industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises a greater volume than the inputs

Answer 9

bulk gaining industry

Question 10

an industry in which the final product weighs less or comprises a lower volume than the inputs

Answer 10

bulk reducing industry

Question 11

a gas used as a solvent, a propellant in aerosols, a refrigerant, and in plastic foams and fire extinguishers

Answer 11

chlorofluorocarbon

Question 12

the use of water that evaporates rather than being returned to nature as a liquid

Answer 12

consumptive water usage

Question 13

manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the industrial revolution

Answer 13

cottage industry

Question 14

the quantity of something that people wish to consume and are able to buy

Answer 14

demand

Question 15

the splitting of an atomic nucleus to release energy

Answer 15

fission

Question 16

a form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly

Answer 16

Fordist production

Question 17

an energy source formed from the residue of plants and animals buried millions of years ago

Answer 17

fossil fuel

Question 18

creation of energy by joining the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms to from helium

Answer 18

fusion

Question 19

energy from steam or hot water produces from hot or molten underground rocks

Answer 19

geothermal energy

Question 20

shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed

Answer 20

just in time delivery

Question 21

an industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses

Answer 21

labor-intensive indusrty

Question 22

a factory built by a U.S. company in Mexico near the U.S. border, to take advantage of the much lower labor costs in mexico

Answer 22

maquiladora

Question 23

transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid, less-skilled workers from more developed to less developed countries

Answer 23

new international division of labor

Question 24

the use of water that is returned to nature as a liquid

Answer 24

nonconsumptive water usage

Question 25

pollution that originates from a large, diffuse area

Answer 25

nonpoint-source pollution

Question 26

source of energy that has a finite supply capable of being exhausted

Answer 26

nonrenewable energy

Question 27

a decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers

Answer 27

outsourcing

Question 28

a gas that absorbs ultraviolet solar radiation and is found in the stratosphere, a zone 15 to 50 kilometers above earth’s surface

Answer 28

ozone

Question 29

solar energy systems that collect energy without the use of mechanical devices

Answer 29

passive solar energy systems

Question 30

an atmospheric condition formed through a combination of weather conditions and pollution, especially from motor vehicle emissions

Answer 30

photochemical smog

Question 31

pollution that enters a body of water from a specific source

Answer 31

point-source pollution

Question 32

the concentration of waste added to air, water, or land at a greater level than occurs in average air, water, or land

Answer 32

pollution

Question 33

adoption by companies of flexible work rules, such as the allocation of workers to teams that perform a variety of tasks

Answer 33

post-fordist production

Question 34

the amount of a resource not yet identified but thought to exists

Answer 34

potential reserve

Question 35

the amount of a resource remaining in discovered deposits

Answer 35

proven reserve

Question 36

the separation collection processing marketing and reuse and new parts

Answer 36

recycling

Question 37

the rebuilding of a product to the specifications of the original manufactured product using a combination of reused, repaired and new parts

Answer 37

remanufactoring

Question 38

a source of energy that hs a theoretically unlimited supply and is not depleted when used by people

Answer 38

renewable energy

Question 39

a u.s. law that prevents a union and a company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join the union as a condition of employment

Answer 39

right to work law

Question 40

a place to deposit solid waste where a layer of earth is bulldozed over garbage each day to reduce emissions of gasses and odors from the decaying trash, to minimize fires, and to discourage vermin

Answer 40

sanitary landfill

Question 41

location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside a plant such as land, labor, and capital

Answer 41

site factors

Question 42

location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory

Answer 42

situation factors

Question 43

the quantity of something that producers have available for sale

Answer 43

supply

Question 44

an approach typical of traditional mass production in which a company controls all phases of a highly complex production process

Answer 44

vertical integration