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Vocab Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

physical rather than biological; not derived from living organisms.

A

abiotic

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2
Q

relating to, involving, or requiring free oxygen.

A

aerobic

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3
Q

relating to, involving, or requiring an absence of free oxygen.

A

anaerobic

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4
Q

a predator at the top of a food chain, without natural predators of its own.

A

apex predator

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5
Q

an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide.

A

autotroph

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6
Q

an estimate of its production of certain biological materials such as natural resources, and its absorption and filtering of other materials such as carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

A

biocapacity

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7
Q

the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

A

biodiversity

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8
Q

the movement and transformation of chemical elements and compounds between living organisms, the atmosphere, and the Earth’s crust

A

biogeochemical cycles

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9
Q

the representation of total living biomass or organic matter present at different trophic levels in an ecosystem.

A

biomass pyramid

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10
Q

a large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat

A

biome

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11
Q

is the worldwide sum of all ecosystems

A

biosphere

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12
Q

any material that originates from living organisms.

A

biotic

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13
Q

that part of the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of Earth.

A

carbon cycle

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14
Q

an animal that feeds on flesh.

A

carnivore

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15
Q

an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm.

A

commensalism

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16
Q

and or resources belonging to or affecting the whole of a community.

A

commons

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17
Q

an interacting group of various species in a common location

A

community

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18
Q

an interaction between organisms or species in which both require a resource that is in limited supply.

A

competition

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19
Q

the part that doesn’t change during the experiment

A

constant

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20
Q

a group in the experiment which a variable is not being tested

A

control group

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21
Q

a scientific test done under controlled conditions

A

controlled experiement

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22
Q

an organism whose ecological function involves the recycling of nutrients by performing the natural process of decomposition as it feeds on decaying organisms.

A

decomposer

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23
Q

what you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment

A

dependent variable

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24
Q

any large, extremely dry area of land with sparse vegetation

A

desert

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25
Q

a remote volcanic island in Polynesia.

A

easter island

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26
Q

when the Footprint of a population exceeds the biocapacity of the area available to that population

A

ecological deficit

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27
Q

the match of a species to a specific environmental condition

A

ecological niche

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28
Q

the phenomenon which occurs when the demands made on a natural ecosystem exceed its regenerative capacity.

A

ecological overshoot

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29
Q

the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings.

A

ecology

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30
Q

a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

A

ecosystem

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31
Q

designed to show the biomass or bioproductivity at each trophic level in an ecosystem

A

energy pyramid

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32
Q

the group in an experiment that receives the variable being tested.

A

experimental groups

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33
Q

a cost or benefit of a good or service that in not part of the price for that good or service

A

externalities

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34
Q

a hierarchical series of organisms each dependent on the next as a source of food.

A

food chain

35
Q

a system of interlocking and interdependent food chains.

A

food web

36
Q

Species that can live in many different types of environments, and have a varied diet are

A

generalist species

37
Q

an animal that feeds on plants.

A

herbivore

38
Q

an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances.

A

heterotroph

39
Q

a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.

A

hypothesis

40
Q

an animal or plant species that can be used to infer conditions in a particular habitat.

A

indicator species

41
Q

whose variation does not depend on that of another.

A

independent variable

42
Q

Value of an organism, species, ecosystem, or the earth’s biodiversity based on its existence, regardless of whether it has any usefulness to us

A

intrinsic value

43
Q

long gestation periods lasting several months, slow maturation (and thus extended parental care), and long life spans

A

k selected species

44
Q

a species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically.

A

keystone species

45
Q

a type of symbiotic relationship where all species involved benefit from their interactions.

A

mutualism

46
Q

A feedback loop that causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving

A

negative feedback loop

47
Q

the series of processes by which nitrogen and its compounds are interconverted in the environment and in living organisms, including nitrogen fixation and decomposition.

A

nitrogen cycle

48
Q

the graphic representation depicting the arrangement of number of individuals of different trophic levels in a food chain in an ecosystem.

A

numbers pyramid

49
Q

an animal or person that eats food of both plant and animal origin.

A

omnivore

50
Q

the practice of living as a parasite in or on another organism.

A

parasitism

51
Q

any salt or ester of any phosphoric acid, esp a salt of orthophosphoric acid.

A

phosphate

52
Q

the biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of phosphorus through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.

A

phosphorus cycle

53
Q

a biological process used by many cellular organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy

A

photosynthesis

54
Q

species that are the first to colonize barren environments or previously biodiverse steady-state ecosystems that have been disrupted, such as by wildfire

A

pioneer species

55
Q

a group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time

A

population

56
Q

a change in a given direction causes additional change in the same direction

A

positive feedback loop

57
Q

the preying of one animal on others.

A

predation

58
Q

a group of organisms that are placed in the second trophic level.

A

primary consumer

59
Q

the production of chemical energy in organic compounds by living organisms.

A

primary production

60
Q

an organism that creates its own food or energy

A

producer

61
Q

those that produce a large number of offspring and contribute few resources to each individual offspring.

A

r selected species

62
Q

the division of resources to avoid interspecific competition for limited resources in an ecosystem

A

resource partitioning

63
Q

The transfer of oxygen from the outside environment to cells within tissues, as well as the removal of carbon dioxide in the opposite way

A

respiration

64
Q

organisms that eat primary consumers for energy

A

secondary consumer

65
Q

animals that require very unique resources

A

specialist species

66
Q

a group of organisms that can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring

A

species

67
Q

the number and relative abundance of species found in a given biological organisation

A

species diversity

68
Q

a measure of the relative abundances of species within a community.

A

species evenness

69
Q

the simplest measure of species diversity and is either a count of the number of, or the list of, species inhabiting a given area or habitat.

A

species richness sustainability

70
Q

any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two biological organisms of different species

A

symbiosis

71
Q

thick forest

A

taiga

72
Q

a type of forest dominated by trees that lose their foliage at the end of the growing season

A

deciduous

73
Q

having grasses as the dominant vegetation. Trees and large shrubs are absent. Temperatures vary more from summer to winter, and the amount of rainfall is less in temperate grasslands than in savannas.

A

temperate grassland

74
Q

a forest in a temperate climate with ample annual rainfall

A

temperate rainforest

75
Q

an animal that obtains its nutrition by eating primary consumers and secondary consumers

A

tertiary consumer

76
Q

a species of animal or plant that is seriously at risk of extinction.

A

threatened species

77
Q

powerful indirect interactions that can control entire ecosystems, occurring when a trophic level in a food web is suppressed

A

trophic cascades

78
Q

each of several hierarchical levels in an ecosystem, comprising organisms that share the same function in the food chain and the same nutritional relationship to the primary sources of energy.

A

trophic level

79
Q

the efficiency at which mass (or energy) is transferred from one trophic level to the next through predation

A

trophic level efficiency

80
Q

rainforests that occur in areas of tropical rainforest climate in which there is no dry season

A

tropical forests

81
Q

a situation in which individuals with access to a public resource

A

tragedy of the commons

82
Q

the many basic needs humans obtain from biodiversity such as food, fuel, shelter, and medicine

A

utilitarian value

83
Q

describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth.

A

water cycle

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