Test #1

Question 1

mutualism

Answer 1

2 different species benefit from each other.

Question 2

commensalism

Answer 2

there is no true benefit or detriment from 2 species’ relationship. cattle and egrets

Question 3

parasitism

Answer 3

one species is harmed, the other is helped. fleas and dogs

Question 4

keystone species

Answer 4

removal causes dramatic changes in an ecosystem. otters

Question 5

apex predator

Answer 5

predator at the top of the food chain. lion

Question 6

decomposer

Answer 6

an organism that decomposes organic material. mushrooms

Question 7

scavenger

Answer 7

feeds off of things that are already dead. vultures

Question 8

energy pyramid

Answer 8

shows the biomass or bioproductivity at each trophic level in an ecosystem. forest ecosystem

Question 9

invasive species

Answer 9

an introduced species that harms its environment. python

Question 10

endangered species

Answer 10

a species that is at risk of extinction. panda

Question 11

native species

Answer 11

found in a certain ecosystem due to natural processes. koala

Question 12

nonnative species

Answer 12

organisms that do not occur naturally in an area, but are introduced as the result of human activities. zebra mussels

Question 13

niche

Answer 13

the role a species plays in an ecosystem. garden spider hunts for food among plants

Question 14

predation

Answer 14

the preying of one animal on others. polar bear preys on seal

Question 15

competition

Answer 15

when two species both require a resource that is in limited supply. two male birds competing for mates in the same area

Question 16

resource partioning

Answer 16

species alter their use of the niche to avoid competition by dividing resources among them. lizards living on forest floor and in trees

Question 17

indicator species

Answer 17

species that gives information about an environment based on presence or absence. frogs

Question 18

mimicry

Answer 18

an evolved resemblance between an organism and another object, often an organism of another species. monarch and viceroy butterflies

Question 19

externalities

Answer 19

an outcome from something that is not directly related to that activity. air pollution

Question 20

reservoir

Answer 20

location where nutrients reside for various amounts of time. atomosphere

Question 21

flux

Answer 21

movement of nutrients between reservoirs, changes over time and influenced by human activities

Question 22

source

Answer 22

present for short periods of time within a reservoir. the atmosphere is a source of carbon

Question 23

biogeochemical cycles

Answer 23

e movement and transformation of chemical elements and compounds between living organisms, the atmosphere, and the Earth’s crust. the water cycle

Question 24

sink

Answer 24

present for long periods of time within a reservoir. the lithosphere is a sink for carbon

Question 25

instrumental value

Answer 25

Value of an organism, species, ecosystem, or the earth’s biodiversity based on its usefulness to us. fishing line

Question 26

intrinsic value

Answer 26

Value of an organism, species, ecosystem, or the earth’s biodiversity based on its existence, regardless of whether it has any usefulness to us.

Question 27

anthropocentrism

Answer 27

human centered view of our relationship with the environment. willingness of humans to cage and eat animals

Question 28

biocentrism

Answer 28

see all living components to have the same value and decisions based on overall impact on living things. being anti deforestation

Question 29

ecocentrism

Answer 29

Values entire species, communities, or ecosystems over the welfare of an individual . a botanical garden where threatened species are kept to prevent extinction

Question 30

autotroph

Answer 30

produces own food. plants

Question 31

heterotroph

Answer 31

other organisms are its food source. fish

Question 32

producer

Answer 32

an organism that creates its own food or energy. also called autotroph

Question 33

primary consumer

Answer 33

herbivores, eat plants and algae

Question 34

secondary consumer

Answer 34

eat primary consumers. bears

Question 35

ecological footprint

Answer 35

measures how fast we consume resources and generate waste compared to how fast nature can absorb our waste and generate resources.

Question 36

food web

Answer 36

all the food chains in an ecosystem

Question 37

food chain

Answer 37

a linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another.

Question 38

biomass pyramid

Answer 38

the representation of total living biomass or organic matter present at different trophic levels in an ecosystem.

Question 39

numbers pyramid

Answer 39

the graphic representation depicting the arrangement of number of individuals of different trophic levels in a food chain in an ecosystem.

Question 40

tragedy of the commons

Answer 40

a situation in which individuals with access to a public resource act in their own interest and ultimately deplete the resource. littering

Question 41

biotic fixation

Answer 41

nitrogen fixating bacteria becomes available to living organisms through soil or root nodules

Question 42

N2 to NH4+1

Answer 42

nitrogen to ammonium, biotic fixation

Question 43

NH4+1 to NO2-1 + NO3-1

Answer 43

ammonium to nitrite + nitrate, nitrification

Question 44

NO3-1 to N2

Answer 44

nitrate to nitrogen, dentrification

Question 45

difference between phosphorus cycle compared to carbon and nitrogen

Answer 45

does not cycle through the atmostphere

Question 46

common forms of phosphorus cycle

Answer 46

PO4-3, phosphate

Question 47

primary producers

Answer 47

bottom of food chain, plants

Question 48

primary consumers

Answer 48

second in food chain, herbivores

Question 49

secondary consumers

Answer 49

third in food chain, carnivores

Question 50

tertiary consumers

Answer 50

fourth in food chain, carnivore eating carnivores

Question 51

apex consumers

Answer 51

top of food chain, eats tertiary consumers

Question 52

10% rule

Answer 52

only 10% of energy within a food chain moves on. Other 90% goes to basic life processes, growth, repair, heat

Question 53

predator/prey relationship

Answer 53

The number of predators increases when there is more prey, the number of prey reduces when there are more predators.

Question 54

ecological overshoot

Answer 54

when human demand exceeds the regenerative capacity of a natural ecosystem.

Question 55

most abundant carbon molecules

Answer 55

CO2, C6H12O6, CaCO3. carbon dioxide, glucose, calcium carbonate

Question 56

CO2

Answer 56

carbon dioxide

Question 57

C6H12O6

Answer 57

glucose

Question 58

CaCO3

Answer 58

calcium carbonate

Question 59

N2

Answer 59

nitrogen

Question 60

NH4+1

Answer 60

ammonium

Question 61

NO2-1

Answer 61

nitrite

Question 62

NO3-1

Answer 62

nitrate

Question 63

PO4-3

Answer 63

phosphate