Vocab Terms II

Question 1

A break in the rocks that make up the Earth’s crust, along which rocks on either side have moved past each other

Answer 1

Faults

Question 2

When plates slide past each other

Answer 2

Transform plate boundary

Question 3

Rides on plates and is more dense but less thick than continental crust

Answer 3

oceanic crust

Question 4

Speed and direction

Answer 4

velocity

Question 5

Can be moved through a wire coil to induce an electric current magnet

Answer 5

bar magnet

Question 6

Proposed the process of natural selection based on observations made during his travels

Answer 6

Charles Darwin

Question 7

Describes how force and mass affects acceleration ( f=ma)

Answer 7

Newton’s 2nd law of motion

Question 8

Below lithosphere and part of upper mantle , behaves plastically and flexible, hot solid and malleable

Answer 8

Asthenosphere

Question 9

Part of the crust and uppermost mantle, floats on top of the asthenosphere, brittle and rigid

Answer 9

Lithosphere

Question 10

Process by which living things with beneficial traits produce more offspring, so their traits become more common over time

Answer 10

Natural Selection

Question 11

Type of mechanical wave in which the energy flows parallel to the wave ( rarefaction, compression )

Answer 11

longitudinal/compressional wave

Question 12

Occures when waves bend around small obstacles or openings

Answer 12

Diffraction

Question 13

When water reaches the lowest point ( twice a day )

Answer 13

low tide

Question 14

When water reaches the highest point ( twice a day )

Answer 14

high tide

Question 15

An unmanned spacecraft designed to explore the solar system and transmit data back to earth, uses radio waves

Answer 15

Space probes

Question 16

Used for navigation systems, such as the Global Positioning System ( GPS)

Answer 16

Navigational Satellites

Question 17

Receive and send signals for telephone, television, or other types of communication

Answer 17

Communication satellites

Question 18

Take pictures of Earth’s surface for military or scientific purposes

Answer 18

Imaging satellites

Question 19

Body of matter

Answer 19

medium

Question 20

Waves that require a medium to travel in ( sound waves, water waves, etc)

Answer 20

Mechanical waves

Question 21

Rocks that have been changed due to temperature and pressure increases

Answer 21

Metamorphic

Question 22

( Primary) First to be detected by seismometer, Longitudinal motion, refract.bend when changing earth’s layers-faster in denser material, FASTEST MOVING WAVES, Travel fastest through SOLID inner core

Answer 22

P-Waves

Question 23

(Secondary ) Half as fast a P-waves , Arrive second at seismographs, Transverse motion, Can only travel through solids

Answer 23

S- Waves

Question 24

Distance of a wave measured from the equilibrium point ( how high or low the wave goes)

Answer 24

amplitude

Question 25

Number of vibrations per unit time, measured in Hertz ( Hz) , determines pitch in sound waves, determines color in light waves

Answer 25

Frequency

Question 26

Device used to separate white light from a star into a very wide spectrum of color, gives information about wavelength, frequency,and energy , HELPS DETERMINE CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF STARS )

Answer 26

Spectroscopes

Question 27

When energy of a wave is not transferred though or reflected by the medium

Answer 27

Absorption

Question 28

When waves pass through a point or a medium

Answer 28

transmission

Question 29

This is what like poles on a magnet do

Answer 29

Repel

Question 30

Takes electrical energy and converts it to mechanical energy / motion

Answer 30

motor

Question 31

Amount of matter in an object

Answer 31

mass

Question 32

Is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Can be " intrusive "( cools inside Earth ) OR "extrusive " ( outside)

Answer 32

Igneous

Question 33

Physical traits or characteristics

Answer 33

phenotype

Question 34

Rocks formed by deposition and cementation in layers. Most fossils are found in their type of rock

Answer 34

Sedimentary

Question 35

Force of gravity acting on an object

Answer 35

weight

Question 36

Is the theory that the Earth's continents have moved over geologic time relative to each other, thus appearing to have "drifted " across the ocean bed

Answer 36

continental drift

Question 37

Uses radioactive materials to determine the exact ages of rocks and fossils in each layer ( radiometric dating )

Answer 37

absolute dating

Question 38

Change in speed over time

Answer 38

Acceleration

Question 39

An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion UNLESS acted on by an outside force

Answer 39

Newton's 1st law

Question 40

Occurs when an object is moving away from an observer

Answer 40

Red shift