Vocab Terms II Flashcards
A break in the rocks that make up the Earth’s crust, along which rocks on either side have moved past each other
Faults
When plates slide past each other
Transform plate boundary
Rides on plates and is more dense but less thick than continental crust
oceanic crust
Speed and direction
velocity
Can be moved through a wire coil to induce an electric current magnet
bar magnet
Proposed the process of natural selection based on observations made during his travels
Charles Darwin
Describes how force and mass affects acceleration ( f=ma)
Newton’s 2nd law of motion
Below lithosphere and part of upper mantle , behaves plastically and flexible, hot solid and malleable
Asthenosphere
Part of the crust and uppermost mantle, floats on top of the asthenosphere, brittle and rigid
Lithosphere
Process by which living things with beneficial traits produce more offspring, so their traits become more common over time
Natural Selection
Type of mechanical wave in which the energy flows parallel to the wave ( rarefaction, compression )
longitudinal/compressional wave
Occures when waves bend around small obstacles or openings
Diffraction
When water reaches the lowest point ( twice a day )
low tide
When water reaches the highest point ( twice a day )
high tide
An unmanned spacecraft designed to explore the solar system and transmit data back to earth, uses radio waves
Space probes
Used for navigation systems, such as the Global Positioning System ( GPS)
Navigational Satellites
Receive and send signals for telephone, television, or other types of communication
Communication satellites
Take pictures of Earth’s surface for military or scientific purposes
Imaging satellites
Body of matter
medium
Waves that require a medium to travel in ( sound waves, water waves, etc)
Mechanical waves
Rocks that have been changed due to temperature and pressure increases
Metamorphic
( Primary) First to be detected by seismometer, Longitudinal motion, refract.bend when changing earth’s layers-faster in denser material, FASTEST MOVING WAVES, Travel fastest through SOLID inner core
P-Waves
(Secondary ) Half as fast a P-waves , Arrive second at seismographs, Transverse motion, Can only travel through solids
S- Waves
Distance of a wave measured from the equilibrium point ( how high or low the wave goes)
amplitude
Number of vibrations per unit time, measured in Hertz ( Hz) , determines pitch in sound waves, determines color in light waves
Frequency
Device used to separate white light from a star into a very wide spectrum of color, gives information about wavelength, frequency,and energy , HELPS DETERMINE CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF STARS )
Spectroscopes
When energy of a wave is not transferred though or reflected by the medium
Absorption
When waves pass through a point or a medium
transmission
This is what like poles on a magnet do
Repel
Takes electrical energy and converts it to mechanical energy / motion
motor
Amount of matter in an object
mass
Is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Can be “ intrusive “( cools inside Earth ) OR “extrusive “ ( outside)
Igneous
Physical traits or characteristics
phenotype
Rocks formed by deposition and cementation in layers. Most fossils are found in their type of rock
Sedimentary
Force of gravity acting on an object
weight
Is the theory that the Earth’s continents have moved over geologic time relative to each other, thus appearing to have “drifted “ across the ocean bed
continental drift
Uses radioactive materials to determine the exact ages of rocks and fossils in each layer ( radiometric dating )
absolute dating
Change in speed over time
Acceleration
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion UNLESS acted on by an outside force
Newton’s 1st law
Occurs when an object is moving away from an observer
Red shift
