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Science > Vocab Terms II > Flashcards

Vocab Terms II Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A break in the rocks that make up the Earth’s crust, along which rocks on either side have moved past each other

A

Faults

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2
Q

When plates slide past each other

A

Transform plate boundary

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3
Q

Rides on plates and is more dense but less thick than continental crust

A

oceanic crust

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4
Q

Speed and direction

A

velocity

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5
Q

Can be moved through a wire coil to induce an electric current magnet

A

bar magnet

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6
Q

Proposed the process of natural selection based on observations made during his travels

A

Charles Darwin

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7
Q

Describes how force and mass affects acceleration ( f=ma)

A

Newton’s 2nd law of motion

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8
Q

Below lithosphere and part of upper mantle , behaves plastically and flexible, hot solid and malleable

A

Asthenosphere

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9
Q

Part of the crust and uppermost mantle, floats on top of the asthenosphere, brittle and rigid

A

Lithosphere

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10
Q

Process by which living things with beneficial traits produce more offspring, so their traits become more common over time

A

Natural Selection

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11
Q

Type of mechanical wave in which the energy flows parallel to the wave ( rarefaction, compression )

A

longitudinal/compressional wave

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12
Q

Occures when waves bend around small obstacles or openings

A

Diffraction

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13
Q

When water reaches the lowest point ( twice a day )

A

low tide

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14
Q

When water reaches the highest point ( twice a day )

A

high tide

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15
Q

An unmanned spacecraft designed to explore the solar system and transmit data back to earth, uses radio waves

A

Space probes

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16
Q

Used for navigation systems, such as the Global Positioning System ( GPS)

A

Navigational Satellites

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17
Q

Receive and send signals for telephone, television, or other types of communication

A

Communication satellites

18
Q

Take pictures of Earth’s surface for military or scientific purposes

A

Imaging satellites

19
Q

Body of matter

A

medium

20
Q

Waves that require a medium to travel in ( sound waves, water waves, etc)

A

Mechanical waves

21
Q

Rocks that have been changed due to temperature and pressure increases

A

Metamorphic

22
Q

( Primary) First to be detected by seismometer, Longitudinal motion, refract.bend when changing earth’s layers-faster in denser material, FASTEST MOVING WAVES, Travel fastest through SOLID inner core

A

P-Waves

23
Q

(Secondary ) Half as fast a P-waves , Arrive second at seismographs, Transverse motion, Can only travel through solids

A

S- Waves

24
Q

Distance of a wave measured from the equilibrium point ( how high or low the wave goes)

A

amplitude

25
Q

Number of vibrations per unit time, measured in Hertz ( Hz) , determines pitch in sound waves, determines color in light waves

A

Frequency

26
Q

Device used to separate white light from a star into a very wide spectrum of color, gives information about wavelength, frequency,and energy , HELPS DETERMINE CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF STARS )

A

Spectroscopes

27
Q

When energy of a wave is not transferred though or reflected by the medium

A

Absorption

28
Q

When waves pass through a point or a medium

A

transmission

29
Q

This is what like poles on a magnet do

A

Repel

30
Q

Takes electrical energy and converts it to mechanical energy / motion

A

motor

31
Q

Amount of matter in an object

A

mass

32
Q

Is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Can be “ intrusive “( cools inside Earth ) OR “extrusive “ ( outside)

A

Igneous

33
Q

Physical traits or characteristics

A

phenotype

34
Q

Rocks formed by deposition and cementation in layers. Most fossils are found in their type of rock

A

Sedimentary

35
Q

Force of gravity acting on an object

A

weight

36
Q

Is the theory that the Earth’s continents have moved over geologic time relative to each other, thus appearing to have “drifted “ across the ocean bed

A

continental drift

37
Q

Uses radioactive materials to determine the exact ages of rocks and fossils in each layer ( radiometric dating )

A

absolute dating

38
Q

Change in speed over time

A

Acceleration

39
Q

An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion UNLESS acted on by an outside force

A

Newton’s 1st law

40
Q

Occurs when an object is moving away from an observer

A

Red shift

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