VOCAB STANFORD

Question 1

SUBCUTANEOUS

Answer 1

ˌsəbkyo͞oˈtānēəs

Under the skin

— Subcutaneous fat
— Subcutaneous tissues
— Inject 10 units subcutaneously daily
— She touched the subcutaneous communications implant behind her right ear
— Cysticercus cellulosae may be comparatively innocuous in a muscle or subcutaneous tissue, but most hurtful in the eye or brain.

Question 2

HYPOTHERMIA

Answer 2

hīpəˈTHərmēə

Abnormally low body temperature

— A couple of them were suffering from mild hypothermia, due to becoming wet, in inadequate clothing.
— Extreme hypothermia can lead to death in just a few hours.
— The immersion suit helps prevent hypothermia in case the crew enters the water.
— I’m just really cold for some weird reason and my dad said that i have hypothermia.

Question 3

THERMOGENESIS

Answer 3

ˌTHərmōˈjenəsis

The production of heat, esp. in a human or animal body.

Question 4

PILOERECTION

Answer 4

ˌpī-lō-i-ˈrek-shən

Goose bumps

Question 5

VASOCONSTRICTION

Answer 5

vāzōkənˈstrikSHən, ˌvasō

The constriction of blood vessels, which increases blood pressure.
Narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels.

— Blood pressure, sympathetic stimulation causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels and increase in bp

Question 6

CONSTRICTION

Answer 6

The action of making something narrower by pressure or of becoming narrower
A feeling of tightness or pressure, as in the chest

— Asthma is a constriction of the airways.
—All those symptoms are referable to spasmodic constriction of the small surface arteries,
—By stopping this enzyme working, ACE inhibitors reduce the constriction of the blood vessels.
— Constriction of blood vessels was reduced by 20 per cent in patients compared with the controls.

Question 7

CUTANEOUS

Answer 7

Of, relating to, or affecting the skin

— Cutaneous pigmentation.
— A cutaneous infection.
— Belonging to the category of cutaneous muscles.

kyo͞oˈtānēəs |

Question 8

PONDER

Answer 8

Think about (something) carefully, esp. before making a decision or reaching a conclusion:

— I pondered the question of what clothes to wear for the occasion | [ no obj. ]
— She sat pondering over her problem.
— Winston seemed to ponder this, then formed his words with care.
— He pondered the question before he answered.
— The team pondered their chances of success.
— We pondered whether we could afford the trip.

ˈpändər |

Question 9

DEXTERITY

Answer 9

: the ability to use your hands skillfully
: the ability to easily move in a way that is graceful
: clever skill : the ability to think and act quickly and cleverly

— The job requires manual dexterity.
— He has the dexterity needed to deal cards quickly.
— The amazing dexterity of the acrobat.
— He’s a teacher known for his imagination and verbal dexterity.

dekˈsteritē |

Question 10

ADIPOSE TISSUE

Answer 10

Body fat

| ˈadəˌpōs |

Question 11

VISCOUS

Answer 11

having a thick, sticky consistency between solid and liquid; having a high viscosity:

—Viscous syrup that takes forever to pour from a narrow-neck bottle
— On the other hand, if core and
muscle temperatures are lower, then maximum capacity would be impaired.
Nerve signaling would be slowed, muscle
function would be compromised, blood would get
more viscous, and even max heart rate
would decline as core temperature went down.

ˈviskəs |

Question 12

INTERMITTENT

Answer 12

Оccurring at irregular intervals; not continuous or steady: intermittent rain.

— Intermittent trips abroad (occasional)
— The patient was having intermittent pains in his side.
— The forecast is for intermittent rain.
— What was supposed to be sunshine, mild temperature and puffy white clouds turned out to be intermittent showers
— An intermittent and desultory war.
— Shortly afterwards he fell ill of an intermittent fever, but seemed to recover.
— The illumination is intermittent, and appears to be under the control of the insect’s nervous system.

ˌintərˈmitnt |

Question 13

ATAXIA

Answer 13

The loss of full control of bodily movements.

| əˈtaksēə |

Question 14

COGNITION

Answer 14

The mental process of thinking and understanding and the understanding that comes from this mental process.
• a result of this; a perception, sensation, notion, or intuition.

The mental process of knowing, including aspects such as awareness, perception, reasoning, and judgment.

ˌkägˈniSHən |

Question 15

HYPOGLYCEMIA

Answer 15

Deficiency of glucose in the bloodstream.

| ˌhīpōglīˈsēmēə |

Question 16

DEBRIDEMENT

Answer 16

The removal of damaged tissue or foreign objects from a wound.
| diˈbrēdmənt |

— I have had the patellar tendon debridement surgery for scar tissue several times.
— Predicted improved cosmesis of burn scar following more accurate laser debridement of burn.

Question 17

DEBRIS

Answer 17

The pieces that are left after something has been destroyed

—After the earthquake, rescuers began digging through the debris in search of survivors.
—Everything was covered by dust and debris.
— She covered her head as dirt and debris rained over her.
— Several more joined him to clear out debris and the remains of a building.
— With the obstruction removed, water plunged down the creek bed, dragging debris with it.

dəˈbrē, ˌdā- |

Question 18

DELIRIUM

Answer 18

A mental state in which you are confused and not able to think or speak clearly usually because of fever or some other illness

• wild excitement or ecstasy.

— Maybe it was his delirium, but Jule thought the vamp looked larger than even Damian.
— In cases of poisoning the delirium may last for many hours or even days.
— But the delirium which is common in fever, although it may be partly due to rise of temperature, is very often due to poisons in the blood.
— The presence of toxins in the blood not only affects the brain, causing delirium, but also other organs, the heart and lung, and may cause fatal syncope or respiratory failure.
— Scientists, publishers and librarians all seem to suffer delirium when it comes to electronic publishing.
—Delirium caused by a high fever.

diˈli(ə)rēəm |

Question 19

REVIVE

Answer 19

Restore to life or consciousness:
Regain life, consciousness, or strength:
Rive new strength or energy to:

— Both men collapsed, but were revived.
— The cool, refreshing water revived us all.
— She was beginning to revive from her faint.

Question 20

EXERTION

Answer 20

Energetic activity; effort
1 physical or mental effort
: she was panting with the exertion | a well-earned rest after their mental exertions.

2 the application of a force, influence, or quality: the exertion of authority.

A) Doing an extremely hard crossword puzzle that taxes your brain is an example of mental exertion.
B) When you exercise your authority and forbid someone from going to a party, this is an example of an exertion of your authority.

— He was panting from the exertion of climbing the stairs.
— Her face was flushed from exertion and anger.
— His face blazed red from exertion, his eyes glowing brightly.
— His muscles were still bulging from exertion of his visit to the gym.

> > For prevention, cover up in layers that you can
remove during exercise and quickly put back on afterwards.
Stay dry and avoid overexertion, both because the sweat will make you wet,
and if you deplete your energy reserves, it’ll be harder to stay warm.

Question 21

CIRCUMVENT

Answer 21

Get around or surround someone or something.
To go around; bypass:
Find a way around (an obstacle).
• Overcome (a problem or difficulty), typically in a clever and surreptitious way: I found it quite easy to circumvent security.

— Finding a clever way to get around a large crowd is an example of circumvent.
— Seagulls circling around a couple picnicing on the beach is an example of to circumvent.
— Circumvent existing taste regimes and to be inclusive of issues usually excluded from architecture.
— The Green Party’s proposed taxes would very neatly circumvent the international ban on aviation fuel tax.
— Circumvent the international ban on aviation fuel tax.
— Circumvent the obstacle would add nearly an hour to your journey.
—They were using an unnatural method to circumvent God’s decision - that they would not have a child of their own.
— To remove or circumvent these impediments, and to improve the Mobile harbour, the United States government spent, between 1870 and 1904, approximately $12,000,000.
— How do we prevent an attacker from accessing a level below our security mechanisms and thereby circumventing them?
— Circumvent these limitations.

> > The experimental warming devices we used in the Cory Warms
Up video may circumvent this problem by selecting the less muscular
arms for rewarming, rather than the legs that are greater cold sinks.

Question 22

JAR

Answer 22

To hit or shake (something) forcefully
Jar is defined as to shock, shake, vibrate or quarrel.

An example of jar is to jump out from behind a door and surprise someone.

— The ride over the old road was jarring.
—The ride on the donkey jarred my bones

> > The cold can make the electrical activity of the heart
unstable, so jarring or aggressive movements could lead to cardiac arrest.

Question 23

DEMISE

Answer 23

A person’s death: Mr. Grisenthwaite’s tragic demise.
• the end or failure of an enterprise or institution: the demise of industry.

— An example of demise is a raccoon being run over by a car.
— An example of demise is the collapse of a civilization.

> > Paradoxical undressing.
20 to 50% of people who experience
moderate to severe hypothermia undergo a phase
of disorientation, confusion, and combativeness that ends
in their taking off all their clothes.
That in turn increases heat loss and accelerates their hypothermia and demise.

Question 24

BURROW

Answer 24

A hole or tunnel dug by a small animal, esp. a rabbit, as a dwelling.
A small hole in the ground or a den created by an animal.
| ˈbərō |

— A small underground den where a rabbit lives.
— A rabbit digs a den in the ground.
— A child hides her face in her mother’s skirts for protection.
—When you push your way through a solid crowd.

> > Terminal burrowing is something else that occurs in end
stages of hypothermia and is often associated with paradoxical undressing.
It is a preservation behavior where an
individual tries to squeeze into tight spaces
like under desks, in the holes of trees or under beds to stay warm.

Question 25

CAPSIZE

Answer 25

(of a boat) overturn in the water: [ no obj. ]

: the craft capsized in heavy seas | (as adj. capsized)
: a capsized dinghy | [ with obj. ]
: gale-force gusts capsized the dinghies.

> > Cold water immersion.
Let’s say you’re out sailing in the winter in the ocean, and your boat capsizes. Yikes!

Question 26

GASP

Answer 26

Inhale suddenly with the mouth open, out of pain or astonishment

: a woman gasped in horror at the sight of him.

— To inhale quickly in shock after seeing a car accident.
— To breath with effort after having run around the block.

> > You jump off of a rope swing into a lake that is
much colder than you expect, and it knocks the breath out of you.
Your first response is to gasp, and if
you’re underwater at the time, that can be deadly.

Question 27

HUDDLE

Answer 27

crowd together; nestle closely: they huddled together for warmth.

• curl one’s body into a small space: the watchman remained, huddled under his canvas shelter.
• draw together for an informal, private conversation: selection committee members huddled with attorneys.
• [ with obj. ] Brit.heap together in a disorderly manner: a man with his clothes all huddled on anyhow.

— When football players gather around and put their heads together to whisper about their next play, this is an example of when they huddle.
— When you are cold and you pull your knees up tight against your chest and wrap your arms around them, curling into a little ball, this is an example of when you huddle.

> > Try to get out of the water by climbing onto debris.
If you are with others, huddle together face-first to reduce heat loss.
Try to trap air in your clothing to make yourself
more buoyant, so you don’t have to tread water which
will waste energy and increase heat loss.

ˈhədl |

Question 28

BUOYANT

Answer 28

1 able or apt to stay afloat or rise to the top of a liquid or gas.
• (of a liquid or gas) able to keep something afloat.

Someone or something that is able to rise or float in air or water.

— A coconut floating in the ocean is an example of buoyant.
— A balloon rising in the air is an example of buoyant.

ˈboi-ənt, ˈbo͞oyənt |
able to float

Question 29

TREAD

Answer 29

To walk on or along (something)
\ˈtred\
Tread is defined as to step on or over or to stay afloat in water.
To walk on, over, or along: tread the pavement.

An example of tread is to walk through muddy ground.
An example of tread is to move your legs so you will not sink in a pool.

> > Try to trap air in your clothing to make yourself
more buoyant, so you don’t have to tread water which
will waste energy and increase heat loss.

Question 30

FLAIR

Answer 30

A natural talent or ability

An example of flair is someone skilled at fixing computers.
An example of flair is Madonna.

> > Signal rescue with whatever you have, flairs, mirrors, flashlights, whatever.

Question 31

RODENT

Answer 31

rodent |ˈrōdnt|
noun
a gnawing mammal of an order that includes rats, mice, squirrels, hamsters, porcupines, and their relatives, distinguished by strong constantly growing incisors and no canine teeth. They constitute the largest order of mammals.

Rodent is defined as a small mammal that has a pair of incisor teeth that are constantly growing and that are used for gnawing.

— A rat is an example of a rodent.
— A trap intended to capture a mouse or a rat is an example of a rodent trap.

Question 32

GNAW

Answer 32

gnaw |nô|
verb [ no obj. ]
1 bite at or nibble something persistently: watching a dog gnaw at a big bone.
• [ with obj. ] bite at or nibble (something): she sat gnawing her underlip.

Rodent is defined as a small mammal that has a pair of incisor teeth that are constantly growing and that are used for gnawing.
A rat is an example of a rodent.

Question 33

VASODILATION

Answer 33

Dilation of a blood vessel, as by the action of a nerve or drug.

Question 34

DILATE

Answer 34

Make or become wider, larger, or more open: [ no obj. ]
An example of dilate is when your eyes become wide with excitement.
An eye with a dilated pupil.

: her eyes dilated with horror | [ with obj. ]
: the woman dilated her nostrils

Question 35

SHIPWRECK

Answer 35

the destruction of a ship at sea by sinking or breaking up, e.g., in a storm or after running aground.

• a ship so destroyed: the detritus of a forgotten shipwreck in an Arctic sea.

Question 36

OSMOLARITY

Answer 36

A measure of the solute concentration of a liquid, usually measured in osmoles per liter (Osm/L) e.g the concentration of solids in the blood.

The concentration of a solution expressed as the total number of solute particles per liter.

ˌäzməˈlaritē |

Question 37

CLAMP

Answer 37

‚ When you use a device to hold a piece of wood firmly in place on a table, this is an example of when you clamp the wood to the table.

clamp |
noun
a brace, band, or clasp used for strengthening or holding things together.

Question 38

ACUTE

Answer 38

Acute is defined as something that is very serious, severe or extreme.
— An example of acute sorrow is the grief a person feels after his spouse dies.

The definition of acute refers to an illness or injury that is severe but that usually won’t last a long time.
— An example of the word acute would be when you fall and hurt your wrist resulting in breakage or fracture. This would be considered acute wrist pain as it came on quickly, is severe and will likely subside relatively quickly.

— Acute pain;

> > Also we’ll talk about what factors affect whether your body gets hyperthermic or not,
how your body responds acutely to heat, how heat impacts exercise performance.

Question 39

PANTING

Answer 39

An example of pant is what a person does after sprinting a distance.
An example of pant is what a person’s heart does after running fast.
An example of pant is a child desperately wanting an ice cream cone.

ˈpantiNG | — adjective
Breathing with short, quick breaths; out of breath: a panting dog.
Pant is defined as to breath rapidly, to beat quickly, or to strongly want something.

Question 40

HAZMAT

Answer 40

hazardous material: