Vocab Quiz 1/27 Flashcards
What is the São Paulo Institute for Permanent Defense of Coffee?
An organization established in 1925 by coffee planters in São Paulo, Brazil, to stabilize coffee prices through government intervention and regulation.
The institute’s support of the “valorization” plan helped reduce surplus coffee stocks during the early 20th century.
What is valorization?
A policy in which the Brazilian government purchased excess coffee stocks to control supply and stabilize prices in the international market.
During the early 1930s, Brazil burned coffee stocks to artificially inflate prices and protect the economy.
Who was Getúlio Vargas?
A Brazilian leader who served as president from 1930 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1954, known for his populist policies and authoritarian rule.
Vargas implemented Import Substitution Industrialization and created institutions like the National Steel Commission to encourage industrial growth.
What is Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI)?
A policy adopted by many Latin American countries in the 20th century to reduce dependency on foreign imports by promoting domestic industries.
Brazil’s establishment of the National Steel Commission in the 1940s was a direct result of ISI policies.
What is the National Steel Commission (Brazil)?
A government initiative created under Getúlio Vargas to promote the development of Brazil’s steel industry.
The founding of the Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN) in 1941, Brazil’s largest steel producer, was a direct outcome of the National Steel Commission.
What is the National Department of Coffee?
A government body in Brazil created during Getúlio Vargas’s presidency to regulate coffee production, exportation, and prices.
This department managed coffee stockpiles and regulated production to prevent overproduction and price crashes.
What is the Ministry of Labour (Brazil)?
A government institution established in Brazil under Getúlio Vargas to oversee labor relations, workers’ rights, and labor policies.
The creation of the Labor Courts in the 1930s was overseen by the Ministry of Labour to mediate disputes between workers and employers.
What is the Labour Code?
The Labour Code, implemented by the Ministry of Labour in 1943 under Vargas, was a comprehensive set of laws that regulated wages, working conditions, and workers’ rights in Brazil.
The Labour Code introduced an eight-hour workday, paid vacations, and mandatory union recognition.
What is the Aliança Nacional Libertadora (ANL)?
A leftist political movement in Brazil formed in the 1930s to oppose fascism, imperialism, and the Vargas regime.
In 1935, the ANL attempted a failed uprising, known as the “Communist Uprising,” against Vargas’s government.
What is Integralismo?
A far-right political movement in Brazil during the 1930s that promoted nationalism, anti-communism, and authoritarianism, inspired by European fascism.
The “Green Shirts” were the paramilitary wing of the Integralistas, used to spread their ideology and intimidate opponents.
What are the ‘Green Shirts’?
The paramilitary group associated with the Brazilian Integralist movement, modeled after European fascist militias.
The Green Shirts organized public rallies and marches, often clashing violently with members of the Aliança Nacional Libertadora.
What is the NAACP?
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909, is an American civil rights organization dedicated to fighting racial discrimination and promoting equality.
The NAACP supported Rosa Parks during the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955, a pivotal moment in the Civil Rights Movement.
What is the Great Migration?
The movement of over six million African Americans from the rural South to urban areas in the North and West between 1916 and 1970.
The migration of African Americans to Chicago in the early 20th century contributed to the city’s thriving jazz scene and the rise of influential cultural figures.
What are Barrios?
Urban neighborhoods in the U.S. predominantly populated by Hispanic or Latino residents.
East Los Angeles is a historically significant barrio known for its role in the Chicano Movement during the 1960s.
What is Federal Project Number One?
A New Deal program created in 1935 to employ artists, musicians, writers, and actors during the Great Depression.
The Federal Writers’ Project, a branch of Federal Project Number One, documented oral histories, including narratives from formerly enslaved people.
