Vocab for cellular responses to injury Flashcards
Hyperplasia- 2 Types
An increase in the number of cells from physiological (hormonal like breast and uterine enlargement, as well as compensatory like liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy) or non-physiological (excess hormonal stimulation or growth factor)
Hypertrophy- 2 types
Increase in cell size
Physiological versus pathological
Atrophy
A decrease in cell size that were once normal in size
Dysplasia
Increase in number of immature cells
neoplasia
Uncontrolled growth of a cells that are not under normal physiologic control
Intracellular Accumulations
Buildup of substances in the cell that can accumulate in the cytosol or nucleus
Apoptosis
Cell death designed to minimize the host response
Necrosis
Cell and tissue death in an otherwise viable organism that occurs as a result of an “accidental” injury to the cell and cell membrane destruction by chemical or biological agents
Metaplasia
Transition from one epithelium to another type of epithelium (can be a precursor to cancerous changes)
Dysplastic cellular change, anisocytosis
Cells of unequal sizes
Dysplastic cellular changes, poikilocytosis
Abnormally shaped cells
Dysplastic cellular changes, hyperchromatism
Increased pigmentations
Lipofuscin
Yellow-brown pigment located in lysosomes that is from accumulation of indigestible residues from normal cell turnover
HALLMARK OF AGING
Hemosiderosis
Yellow brown granular pigment that is a large aggregate of ferritin found in phagocytes (does not affect overall organ function)
Hemochromatosis
Abnormal hemosiderin accumulation in parenchymal cells that impacts organ function
