vocab- fall final

Question 1

adaptation

Answer 1

inherited characteristics that an individual has that enhance their survival and reproduction

Question 2

bottleneck effect

Answer 2

when a population is reduced by a non-selective disaster (floods, hurricanes, hunting, famine, fires)

Question 3

evolution

Answer 3

change in the genetic makeup of a population over time

Question 4

gene flow

Answer 4

the transfer of alleles into or out of a population due to fertile individuals or gametes

ex: pollen being blown to a new location

Question 5

gene pool

Answer 5

a population’s genetic makeup

Question 6

genetic drift

Answer 6

change events that cause a change in allele frequency from one generation to the next

Question 7

fitness

Answer 7

ability to survive and reproduce

Question 8

natural selection

Answer 8

individuals that have certain traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates other than individuals bc of those traits

Question 9

morphology

Answer 9

analysis of structures of living and extinct organisms

Question 10

speciation

Answer 10

formation of new species
- results in diversity of life forms

Question 11

speciation occurs due to

Answer 11

1. prezygotic barriers (zygote forming)
2. postzygotic barriers (prevent zygotes from developing)

Question 12

Allopatric vs sympatric

Answer 12

Allopatric
- physical barrier divides population or a small population is separated from main population
Sympatric
- a new species evolves while still inhabiting the same geographic region as the ancestral species

Question 13

divergent evolution

Answer 13

groups with the same common ancestor evolve and accumulate differences resulting in the formation of a new species

Question 14

adaptive evolution

Answer 14

if a new habit or niche becomes available, species can diversify rapidly

Question 15

convergent evolution

Answer 15

two different species develop similar traits despite having different common ancestors (analogous traits)

Question 16

amphipathic

Answer 16

having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts (cell membrane)

Question 17

anabolic

Answer 17

pathways consume energy in order to create complex molecules from simpler ones (dehydration)

Question 18

catabolic

Answer 18

pathways that release energy in order to break complex molecules into simpler ones

Question 19

coenzyme

Answer 19

organic cofactor

Question 20

disaccharides

Answer 20

two monosaccharides joined together by covalent bonds
- sucrose
- monomers of sucrose: glucose and fructose
- plants transfer carbohydrates from roots to leaves in the form of sucrose

Question 21

monosaccharides

Answer 21

simple sugars
- molecular formulas with multiples unit of CH2O
- Glucose

Question 22

non-polar molecules

Answer 22

A molecule which does not have the charges present at the end
-H2, N2, O2, Cl2, CO2

Question 23

polar molecules

Answer 23

has positive charges and whereas the opposite end of the molecule has negative charges
- HCl,H2O,NH3

Question 24

protein

Answer 24

molecule consisting of polypeptides folded into a 3d shape
- CHONS

Question 25

DNA and RNA

Answer 25

DNA: double stranded, deoxyribose, AGCT
RNA: single stranded, ribose, AGCU

Question 26

how would a protein be shipped out?

Answer 26

rough ER -> Golgi -> Vesicle -> Cell Membrane

Question 27

aquaporin

Answer 27

specific channel protein for water

Question 28

endocytosis

Answer 28

cells take in substances from outside of the cell by engulfing them in a vesicle.

Question 29

exocytosis

Answer 29

the transport and fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane

Question 30

hypertonic

Answer 30

unpenetrated solutions is higher outside of the cell
- cell will shrivel and die

Question 31

hypotonic

Answer 31

the concentration of unpenetrated solutions are lower outside the cell
- cell will lyse and swell

Question 32

osmosis

Answer 32

diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 33

phagocytosis

Answer 33

when a cell engulf’s particles to be digested by lysosomes

Question 34

Surface tension

Answer 34

property allowing liquid to resist external force