vocab- fall final Flashcards
adaptation
inherited characteristics that an individual has that enhance their survival and reproduction
bottleneck effect
when a population is reduced by a non-selective disaster (floods, hurricanes, hunting, famine, fires)
evolution
change in the genetic makeup of a population over time
gene flow
the transfer of alleles into or out of a population due to fertile individuals or gametes
ex: pollen being blown to a new location
gene pool
a population’s genetic makeup
genetic drift
change events that cause a change in allele frequency from one generation to the next
fitness
ability to survive and reproduce
natural selection
individuals that have certain traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates other than individuals bc of those traits
morphology
analysis of structures of living and extinct organisms
speciation
formation of new species
- results in diversity of life forms
speciation occurs due to
- prezygotic barriers (zygote forming)
- postzygotic barriers (prevent zygotes from developing)
Allopatric vs sympatric
Allopatric
- physical barrier divides population or a small population is separated from main population
Sympatric
- a new species evolves while still inhabiting the same geographic region as the ancestral species
divergent evolution
groups with the same common ancestor evolve and accumulate differences resulting in the formation of a new species
adaptive evolution
if a new habit or niche becomes available, species can diversify rapidly
convergent evolution
two different species develop similar traits despite having different common ancestors (analogous traits)
amphipathic
having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts (cell membrane)
anabolic
pathways consume energy in order to create complex molecules from simpler ones (dehydration)
catabolic
pathways that release energy in order to break complex molecules into simpler ones
coenzyme
organic cofactor
disaccharides
two monosaccharides joined together by covalent bonds
- sucrose
- monomers of sucrose: glucose and fructose
- plants transfer carbohydrates from roots to leaves in the form of sucrose
monosaccharides
simple sugars
- molecular formulas with multiples unit of CH2O
- Glucose
non-polar molecules
A molecule which does not have the charges present at the end
-H2, N2, O2, Cl2, CO2
polar molecules
has positive charges and whereas the opposite end of the molecule has negative charges
- HCl,H2O,NH3
protein
molecule consisting of polypeptides folded into a 3d shape
- CHONS
