Vocab/Events Flashcards
Plessy v. Ferguson
Separates the races ruling “separate but equal”
NAACP
Leads a desegregation campaign
Brown v. Board of Ed
This case strikes down segregated schools and makes them illegal. The father of Linda Brown took a stand when they denied her access to an all white school and the closest black school was 21 blocks away.
Brown II
A supreme court ruling that said schools must desegregate. It gave unclear rules and said to move forward with ending segregation but it did not give clear deadlines
Little Rock Nine
Nine African American students who went to an all white school. They had troops with them to stop any violence. The government was trying to enforce desegregation in schools.
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The African Americans had success when they all agreed to stop taking the busses. Rosa Parks and MLK were the creators of this boycott.
Soul Force
MLK calls his brand of nonviolence “Soul Force”
Civil Disobedience
When African Americans would not obey the law because they were trying to influence the government
SCLC
Southern Christian Leadership Conference was founded by MLK and other leaders to fight segregation and promote nonviolent protests. EX- Montgomery Bus Boycott and March on Washington
SNCC
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee that was a civil rights organization formed by young activists to push for racial equality. It organized sit-ins, freedom rides. They took more direct approaches.
CORE
Congress of Racial Equality was a civil rights organization that focused on nonviolent direct action to challenge segregation. They organized the Freedom rides.
Greensboro sit-in
Peaceful protest created when 4 African Americans sat at a segregated lunch counted and refused to leave until they were given service. This inspired many people to do the same thing.
Freedom Riders
A group of black and white activists who rode on buses in the south because they wanted to challenge segregation. They were bombed many times but were hoping for a change.
Ole Miss Integration
James Meredith was the first African American student to go to the University of Mississippi. There were many protests so President Kennedy sent troops to protect him.
Letter From a Birmingham Jail
A letter written by MLK what he was in prison. The letter defends the strategy of nonviolent resistance and talks about fighting for equal rights.
Children’s Crusade
A protest in Birmingham where African American children marched to demand equal rights. The kids were met with police resistance and they were attacked.
“I Have a Dream” Speech
MLK gave a speech during the march on washington. He talked about his dream for the future and how he wanted racial equality.
JFK’s Assassination
He was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald and Lyndon B Johnson became president
Freedom Summer
This was a campaign by SNCC to get Black voters registered in Mississippi. This was a big step for African Americans because it got thousands of people registered.
Selma Campaign
Protests aimed at securing voting rights for African Americans in Selma Alabama. This helped lead to the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
De facto segregation
Segregation by custom and practice (white flight)
De jure segregation
Segregation by law (bus separations and white schools)
Urban violence
Nation of Islam
Black power
A call for Black people to define their own power and goals (also lead their own organizations)
Black panthers
This was a party formed to fight the police. This showed Black Americans self defense and brought attention to inequalities. The police would attack them during protests with hoses and police dogs.
MLK’s assassination
When MLK was assassinated on his porch, it was a big loss for the civil rights movement. This inspired many people to take a stand in racial justice.
Kerner commission
Created to investigate the causes of race riots in different cities. The issue was “white racism”
Affirmative action
Actions that were taken to promote equal opportunities for disadvantaged groups
War on poverty
A set of programs created by President Lyndon B Johnson that was aimed at reducing poverty and improving living conditions.
Great society
A set of domestic programs created by President Lyndon B Johnson and was aimed at equal rights. (Ex- medicare, medicaid, civil rights act)
Medicare/medicaid
Medicare is a health insurance program that gives coverage to people 65+ and people with disabilities. Medicaid is a state program that offers health coverage to low income families regardless of age.
Miranda rights
The rights that must be read to a person who is arrested informing them to remain silent.
