Vocab Ch. 5

Question 1

actinide

Answer 1

any of the elements of the actinide series, which have atomic numbers from 89 (actinium, Ac) through 103 (lawrencium, Lr)

Question 2

alkali metals

Answer 2

one of the elements of Group 1 of the periodic table (beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and francium)

Question 3

alkaline-earth metals

Answer 3

one of the elements of Group 2 of the periodic table (beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium)

Question 4

anion

Answer 4

an ion that has a negative charge

Question 5

atomic radius

Answer 5

one half of the distance between the center of identical atoms that are not bonded together

Question 6

cation

Answer 6

an ion that has a positive charge

Question 7

electron affinity

Answer 7

the energy needed to remove an electron from a negative ion to form a neutral atom or molecule

Question 8

electronegativity

Answer 8

a measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons

Question 9

halogen

Answer 9

one of the elements of Group 17 (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine); halogens combine with most metals to form salts

Question 10

ion

Answer 10

an atom, radical, or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a negative or positive charge

Question 11

ionization

Answer 11

the process of adding or removing electrons from an atom or molecule, which gives the atom or molecule a net charge

Question 12

ionization energy

Answer 12

the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion (abbreviation, IE)

Question 13

lanthanide

Answer 13

a member of the rare-earth series of elements, whose atomic numbers range from 58 (cerium) to 71 (lutetium)

Question 14

main-group elements

Answer 14

an element in the s-block or p-block of the periodic table

Question 15

periodic law

Answer 15

the law that states that the repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the atomic numbers of the elements

Question 16

periodic table

Answer 16

an arrangement of the elements in order of their atomic numbers such that elements with similar properties fall in the same column, or group

Question 17

transition element

Answer 17

one of the metals that can use the inner shell before using the outer shell to bond

Question 18

valence electron

Answer 18

an electron that is found in the outermost shell of an atom and that determines the atom’s chemical properties