Vocab CH 2 Flashcards
Knowledge-deficit model of behavior change
social programs (ie. Public transportation) are underutilized because individuals lack knowledge about the program or the behavior
Action research model
the cycle begins again with the researcher
Theory
Organized set of principles that describes, explains and predictions observed events
Principles
describe a specific process and they are often integrated into theories
Compatibility principle
an information system concept that suggests the accounting system of any company should adapt to their operations, employees, and business structure.
Hypothesis
testable prediction derived from a theory
Model
framework that integrates theories and principles
Construct
the inferred affective, cognitive or motivational aspects of human behavior
Attitude
They are inferred from people’s stated preference or actions. Person’s favorable or unfavorable evaluation of an object (or person or idea)
Rational choice theory
individuals are motivated to promote their self-interests
Social cognition
how people process, store, and apply information about other people and social situations. It focuses on the role that cognitive processes play in our social interactions.
Attribution theory
people explain behavior- both their own and other people’s
Fundamental attribution error
also known as correspondence bias or attribution effect, is the concept that, in contrast to interpretations of their own behavior, people tend to emphasize the agent’s internal characteristics, rather than external factors, in explaining other people’s behavior
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
It is psychologically uncomfortable when people’s attitudes, beliefs, and behavior about themselves or their surroundings are not congruent.
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)
attempts to clarify the generally weak relationship between attitudes and behaviors
Subjective Norms
a person’s beliefs about what others who are important to them think they should do
Perceived behavioral control
a person’s beliefs about the extent to which the behavior is achievable
compatibility principle
prescription that attitudes subjective norms and perceived behavioral control should be measured at the same level of specificity
Imitation
the replicating of another’s actions
Conformity
When a person changes their behavior to be consistent with real or imagined social expectations
Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)
distinguishes between the central and peripheral routes to persuasion
Central Route Processing
messages are processed carefully with scrutiny and elaborates on the merits of the message. Any change in behavior occurs when the person agrees with the arguments
Peripheral Route Processing
messages are processed more superficially
Self-serving bias
tendency for individuals to interpret social information in a way that reflects positively on themselves
intrinsically motivated person
values/believes it is personally important not to be prejudiced person
extrinsically motivated person
to avoid prejudice when they do not want to appear prejudiced to other people
Discrimination
results from acting upon prejudiced beliefs or negative stereotypes. It’s an unequal behavior towards a person based on a group membership
Theory of Identity maintenance
discriminated groups promote a positive collective identity that protects an individual’s sense of worth and esteem
Contact Hypothesis
theory that bringing members of conflicting groups together will reduce prejudice and improve intergroup relations
Dual Concern Model
a strategic choice model that predicts when a person will yield, choose, inaction, contend, or problem-solve in response to a conflict of interest
Prosocial Behavior
acting in a manner that benefits others
Altruism
When the person is motivated to act in ways that benefit another person, while desiring no personal benefit in exchange
Social Impact Theory
The amount of influence others have in a given situation is a function of the number of people present, the strength or importance of the people, and the immediacy (or closeness) of the target person to the influencing agent(s)
The bystander effect/apathy
a social psychological phenomenon in which individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present
Diffusion of responsibility
as the size of the group increases, the probability of a any single individual taking action decreases
Pluralistic Ignorance
tendency for people to look to others as a source of information when interpreting a situation
Basic research
scientific inquiry aimed at developing new knowledge
Applied research
scientific inquiry aimed at a solving specific problem
