Vocab CH 2

Question 1

Knowledge-deficit model of behavior change

Answer 1

social programs (ie. Public transportation) are underutilized because individuals lack knowledge about the program or the behavior

Question 2

Action research model

Answer 2

the cycle begins again with the researcher

Question 3

Theory

Answer 3

Organized set of principles that describes, explains and predictions observed events

Question 4

Principles

Answer 4

describe a specific process and they are often integrated into theories

Question 5

Compatibility principle

Answer 5

an information system concept that suggests the accounting system of any company should adapt to their operations, employees, and business structure.

Question 6

Hypothesis

Answer 6

testable prediction derived from a theory

Question 7

Model

Answer 7

framework that integrates theories and principles

Question 8

Construct

Answer 8

the inferred affective, cognitive or motivational aspects of human behavior

Question 9

Attitude

Answer 9

They are inferred from people’s stated preference or actions. Person’s favorable or unfavorable evaluation of an object (or person or idea)

Question 10

Rational choice theory

Answer 10

individuals are motivated to promote their self-interests

Question 11

Social cognition

Answer 11

how people process, store, and apply information about other people and social situations. It focuses on the role that cognitive processes play in our social interactions.

Question 12

Attribution theory

Answer 12

people explain behavior- both their own and other people’s

Question 13

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 13

also known as correspondence bias or attribution effect, is the concept that, in contrast to interpretations of their own behavior, people tend to emphasize the agent’s internal characteristics, rather than external factors, in explaining other people’s behavior

Question 14

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Answer 14

It is psychologically uncomfortable when people’s attitudes, beliefs, and behavior about themselves or their surroundings are not congruent.

Question 15

Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)

Answer 15

attempts to clarify the generally weak relationship between attitudes and behaviors

Question 16

Subjective Norms

Answer 16

a person’s beliefs about what others who are important to them think they should do

Question 17

Perceived behavioral control

Answer 17

a person’s beliefs about the extent to which the behavior is achievable

Question 18

compatibility principle

Answer 18

prescription that attitudes subjective norms and perceived behavioral control should be measured at the same level of specificity

Question 19

Imitation

Answer 19

the replicating of another’s actions

Question 20

Conformity

Answer 20

When a person changes their behavior to be consistent with real or imagined social expectations

Question 21

Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)

Answer 21

distinguishes between the central and peripheral routes to persuasion

Question 22

Central Route Processing

Answer 22

messages are processed carefully with scrutiny and elaborates on the merits of the message. Any change in behavior occurs when the person agrees with the arguments

Question 23

Peripheral Route Processing

Answer 23

messages are processed more superficially

Question 24

Self-serving bias

Answer 24

tendency for individuals to interpret social information in a way that reflects positively on themselves

Question 25

intrinsically motivated person

Answer 25

values/believes it is personally important not to be prejudiced person

Question 26

extrinsically motivated person

Answer 26

to avoid prejudice when they do not want to appear prejudiced to other people

Question 27

Discrimination

Answer 27

results from acting upon prejudiced beliefs or negative stereotypes. It’s an unequal behavior towards a person based on a group membership

Question 28

Theory of Identity maintenance

Answer 28

discriminated groups promote a positive collective identity that protects an individual’s sense of worth and esteem

Question 29

Contact Hypothesis

Answer 29

theory that bringing members of conflicting groups together will reduce prejudice and improve intergroup relations

Question 30

Dual Concern Model

Answer 30

a strategic choice model that predicts when a person will yield, choose, inaction, contend, or problem-solve in response to a conflict of interest

Question 31

Prosocial Behavior

Answer 31

acting in a manner that benefits others

Question 32

Altruism

Answer 32

When the person is motivated to act in ways that benefit another person, while desiring no personal benefit in exchange

Question 33

Social Impact Theory

Answer 33

The amount of influence others have in a given situation is a function of the number of people present, the strength or importance of the people, and the immediacy (or closeness) of the target person to the influencing agent(s)

Question 34

The bystander effect/apathy

Answer 34

a social psychological phenomenon in which individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present

Question 35

Diffusion of responsibility

Answer 35

as the size of the group increases, the probability of a any single individual taking action decreases

Question 36

Pluralistic Ignorance

Answer 36

tendency for people to look to others as a source of information when interpreting a situation

Question 37

Basic research

Answer 37

scientific inquiry aimed at developing new knowledge

Question 38

Applied research

Answer 38

scientific inquiry aimed at a solving specific problem