Vocab CH 2

Question 1

Epidemiology

Answer 1

The basic science of public health; “the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states in specified populations, and the application of this study to control health problems

Question 2

Vital statistics

Answer 2

Figures pertaining to life events, such as births, deaths, and marriages

Question 3

Incidence

Answer 3

Number of new cases of a disease during a specific time period in a defined population

Question 4

Prevalence

Answer 4

The number of existing cases or a disease or other condition in a given population

Question 5

Confounding factors

Answer 5

A ‘hidden’ factor or characteristic that is distributed differently in the study and control groups and may cause an association that the researchers attribute to other factors.

Question 6

Cohort

Question 7

Ecological or correlational study

Answer 7

Compare the frequency of events in diff populations with the per capital consumption of certain dietary factors

Question 8

Cross-sectional studies

Answer 8

Examine the relationship among dietary intake, diseases, and other variables as they exist in a population at a particular time

Question 9

Cohort studies

Answer 9

Identify and examine a group of people free of the disease or condition of interest

Question 10

Case-control study

Answer 10

Compares a group of persons or cases with the disease or condition of interest with a group of persons without the disease or condition

Question 11

Randomized controlled trial (RCT)

Answer 11

Considered the gold standard of study designs in which subjects are randomly assigned to either an experimental/treatment group or control group; used to determine causality between an exposure factor and an outcome