vocab and terms

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

change in the way an organism responds based on its experience

Question 2

Habituation

Answer 2

the decreasing strength of a reflex response after repeated presentations of the stimulus

Question 3

conditioning

Answer 3

A form of learning

Question 4

Uncondition reflex/respond (UCR)

Answer 4

A reflex that occur normally

Question 5

Uncondition stimulus (UCS)

Answer 5

Smt that lead to a uncondition respond

Question 6

conditioned response (CR)

Answer 6

A respond that had be learn ( not known naturally)

Question 7

Conditional stimulus(CS)

Answer 7

A stimulus that lead to CR

Question 8

acqusition

Answer 8

when a CS is associated with a CR

Question 9

Stimulus generalisation

Answer 9

when an organism learns to respond to stimuli that resemble the CS with a similar response

Question 10

Stimulus discrimination

Answer 10

when an organism learns to respond

to a restricted range of stimuli

Question 11

Extinction

Answer 11

when a CR is weakened by presentation of

the CS without the UCS

Question 12

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 12

the short-lived re-emergence of a previously

extinguished CR.

Question 13

interstimulus interval

Answer 13

The time between the presentation of CS and the UCS

Question 14

prepared learning

Answer 14

the evolved tendency of some associations to be learned more readily than others

Question 15

Classical conditioning

Answer 15

A stimuli from the environment leds to a respond

Question 16

Operant conditioning

Answer 16

means learning to operate on the environment to produce a consequence

Question 17

Operants

Answer 17

behaviours that are emitted rather than elicited by the environment

Question 18

Reinforcement

Answer 18

an consequence that increases the probability that a response will recur

Question 19

Positive reinforcement

Answer 19

when the environmental consequence (a reward or pay-off) makes a behaviour more likely to occur again.

Question 20

Negative reinforcement

Answer 20

occurs when termination of an aversive stimulus makes a behaviour more likely to recur.

Question 21

punishment

Answer 21

decreases the probability that a response will recur.

Question 22

continuous reinforcement schedules

Answer 22

the consequence is the same each time the animal emits a behaviour

Question 23

partial or intermittent reinforcement schedules

Answer 23

which reinforcement occurs in some ratio or after certain intervals

Question 24

discriminative stimulus

Answer 24

signals that particular contingencies of reinforcement are in effect, so that the organism only produces the behaviour in the presence of the discriminative stimulus.

Question 25

Social learning

Answer 25

refers to learning that occurs through social interaction

Question 26

Observational learning

Answer 26

learn by watching the behaviour of others

Question 27

Modeling

Answer 27

Learning to reproduce behaviour

exhibited by a model

Question 28

Vicarious conditioning

Answer 28

learning by observing

the consequences of a behaviour for someone else.

Question 29

Tutelage

Answer 29

teaching concepts or procedures primarily

through verbal explanation or instruction

Question 30

locus of control

Answer 30

beliefs about their ability to control what happens to them

Question 31

explanatory style

Answer 31

(ways of making sense of bad events